The formation of cyclopropane fatty acids in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Kim, Bae Hoon; Kim, Seung Ki; Kim, Hyeon Guk; Jin, Lee Kyung; Lee, In Su; Park, Yong Keun

doi:10.1099/mic.0.27265-0

Cited by 110 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Escherichia coli, a correlation between the level of CFAs in membrane and the resistance of the bacterium to a lethal pH was reported (6). The strategies, including the construction and the physiological study of cfa-deficient cells in E. coli (9) or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (33), likewise demonstrated the high sensitivity of the deficient cells to acid stress. An overexpression of the cfa gene in Clostridium acetobutylicum increased the CFA content of cells as well as acid and butanol resistance (47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclopropanation of Membrane Unsaturated Fatty Acids Is Not Essential to the Acid Stress Response of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris

Grandvalet

Tourdot-Maréchal

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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confidence: 99%

Cyclopropanation of Membrane Unsaturated Fatty Acids Is Not Essential to the Acid Stress Response of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris

Grandvalet

Tourdot-Maréchal

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In some bacteria, exposure to acid leads to the up-regulation of the cfa gene (26,51), the product of which generates cyclopropanecontaining phospholipids. Exposure to acid leads to increased levels of these modified phospholipids (23,42), which are known to be important for acid stress resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella (30,60). Acid also can cause bacteria to up-regulate the F 1 F 0 ATPase (9,17,32,46), which can pump protons out of the cell at the expense of ATP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Involved in the Response to Acidic pH and Stomach Transit

Reid

Pandey

Palyada

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

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Campylobacter jejuni causes food-and waterborne gastroenteritis, and as such it must survive passage through the stomach in order to reach the gastrointestinal tract. While little is known about how C. jejuni survives transit through the stomach, its low infectious dose suggests it is well equipped to sense and respond to acid shock. In this study, the transcriptional profile of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 was obtained after the organism was exposed to in vitro and in vivo (piglet stomach) acid shock. The observed down-regulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins likely reflects the need to reshuffle energy toward the expression of components required for survival. Acid shock also caused C. jejuni to up-regulate genes involved in stress responses. These included heat shock genes as well as genes involved in the response to oxidative and nitrosative stress. A role for the chaperone clpB in acid resistance was confirmed in vitro. Some genes showed expression patterns that were markedly different in vivo and in vitro, which likely reflects the complexity of the in vivo environment. For instance, transit through the stomach was characterized by up-regulation of genes that encode products that are involved in the use of nitrite as a terminal electron acceptor and down-regulation of genes that are involved in capsular polysaccharide expression. In conclusion, this study has enabled us to understand how C. jejuni modulates gene expression in response to acid shock in vitro and to correlate this with gene expression profiles of C. jejuni as it transits through the host stomach.

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“…Bacteria can alter the composition of the membrane fatty acids by a number of processes, including cyclopropanation, cis-trans isomerization, (de)saturation, or the incorporation of free exogenous fatty acids into the membrane (7,9,18,21). It has been reported that bacterial membrane composition changes during acid shock (5,23), osmolarity fluctuations (46), freeze-drying (31), and exposure to suboptimal growth temperatures (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modification of the Technical Properties of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 by Supplementing the Growth Medium with Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Müller

Ross

Sybesma

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of supplementing growth medium with unsaturated fatty acids on the technical properties of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, such as heat and acid tolerance, and inhibition of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Our results showed that the membrane composition and morphology of L. johnsonii NCC 533 were significantly changed by supplementing a minimal Lactobacillus medium with oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated plus cyclic fatty acids in the bacterial membrane decreased by almost 2-fold when minimal medium was supplemented with unsaturated fatty acids (10 g/ml). The subsequent acid and heat tolerance of L. johnsonii decreased by 6-and 20-fold when the strain was grown in the presence of linoleic and linolenic acids, respectively, compared with growth in oleic acid (all at 10 g/ml). Following acid exposure, significantly higher (P < 0.05) oleic acid content was detected in the membrane when growth medium was supplemented with linoleic or linolenic acid, indicating that saturation of the membrane fatty acids occurred during acid stress. Cell integrity was determined in real time during stressed conditions using a fluorescent viability kit in combination with flow cytometric analysis. Following heat shock (at 62.5°C for 5 min), L. johnsonii was unable to form colonies; however, 60% of the bacteria showed no cell integrity loss, which could indicate that the elevated heat inactivated vital processes within the cell, rendering it incapable of replication. Furthermore, L. johnsonii grown in fatty acid-enriched minimal medium had different adhesion properties and caused a 2-fold decrease in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1-lux invasion of HT-29 epithelial cells compared with bacteria grown in minimal medium alone. This could be related to changes in the hydrophobicity and fluidity of the membrane. Our study shows that technical properties underlying probiotic survivability can be affected by nutrient composition of the growth medium.

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The formation of cyclopropane fatty acids in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Cited by 110 publications

References 37 publications

Cyclopropanation of Membrane Unsaturated Fatty Acids Is Not Essential to the Acid Stress Response of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris

Cyclopropanation of Membrane Unsaturated Fatty Acids Is Not Essential to the Acid Stress Response of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Involved in the Response to Acidic pH and Stomach Transit

Modification of the Technical Properties of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 by Supplementing the Growth Medium with Unsaturated Fatty Acids

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