The formation of cytoplasmic channels between tapetal cells inZea mays

Perdue, Tony D.; Loukides, Cynthia A.; Bedinger, Patricia A.

doi:10.1007/bf01379282

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…) plasmodesmata. The appressed ER appears to be removed and the plasmodesmata undergo considerable enlargement to produce 'cytoplasmic channels' having diameters in the range 100-400 nm (Perdue, Loukides & Bedinger, 1992). Although similar results have been reported on other tapetal systems (Heslop-Harrison, 1964;Dickinson & Bell, 1976; but see Murgia et al, 1991), the question of which specific functions are coordinated by means of these enlarged channels remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Plasmodesmata Are Needed For Morphogenesissupporting

confidence: 54%

Plasmodesmata and the supracellular nature of plants

1993

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SUMMARY In the classical formulation of Münch (1930), plasmodesmata are considered to form simple cytoplasmic bridges between neighbouring plant cells to create the symplasm. This concept has dominated, if not monopolized, the thinking of plant biologists and in particular plant physiologists over the last few decades. Recent advances in ultrastructural, physiological and molecular studies on plasmodesmata indicate that this simple view is in need of revision. Structurally, the higher plant plasmodesma has been revealed to be a supramolecular complex consisting of membranes and proteins. Functionally, evidence is at hand that this complex structure appears to have evolved not only to control the size exclusion limit for intercellular diffusion of metabolites and small molecules, but also to potentiate and regulate intercellular trafficking of macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. In this regard, plasmodesmal transport may share parallel regulatory mechanisms with nucleocytoplasmic transport. Based on these findings, we advance the hypothesis that plants function as supracellular, rather than multicellular, organisms. As such, the dynamics of the plant body, including cell differentiation, tissue formation, organogenesis and specialized physiological function(s), is subject to plasmodesmal regulation. Plasmodesmata presumably accomplish such regulatory roles by trafficking informational molecules which orchestrate both metabolic activity and gene expression. Current and future studies on the evolutionary origin(s) of plasmodesmata are likely to provide valuable information in terms of the genetic and molecular basis for the supracellular nature of plants.

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Section: Plasmodesmata Are Needed For Morphogenesissupporting

confidence: 54%

Plasmodesmata and the supracellular nature of plants

1993

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“…2, 3). The tapetum cells remain connected by "cytoplasmic channels" (Perdue et al 1992) of diameter about 100-200 nm (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Stage 2 Free Microspores Immediately After Callose Dissolutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural observations on anther tapetum development of freeze-fixed Ledebouria socialis Roth (Hyacinthaceae)

Hess

Hesse

1994

Planta

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Abstract. The tapetal ultrastructure of high-pressurefrozen, freeze-substituted Ledebouria socialis Roth (Hyacinthaceae) is described from the tetrad stage up to microspore mitosis. Cytoplasmic degeneration of the tapetum occurs after microspore mitosis. During the tetrad stage and the early free-microspore stage the tapetum cells appear to be meristematic; after callose dissolution they show an intense exocytosis of polysaccharides into the anther locule. Later, the tapetum cells are characterized by abundant endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Highly osmiophilic pollenkitt precursor substances accumulate within distinct, partly irregular shaped cytoplasmic domains ("osmiophilic bodies"), which are intimately associated with the ER. It remains to be verified whether or not these bodies are derived from the ER. Because of their preservation and staining patterns the contents of these bodies are tentatively interpreted as flavonoids, one of the main pollenkitt pigments in angiosperms. Apart from these pigment bodies, there exist four other kinds of lipophilic inclusion within the anther (cells). The general aspects of lipid preservation in freeze-substituted samples are discussed. Staining with hot alcoholic phosphotungstic acid yielded good contrast of the ER and other membranes, which are often difficult to visualize in freeze-substituted, resin-embedded samples.

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“…Later they were also found in plant somatic tissues, e.g., vascular sieve plate (Esau and Thorsch, 1985), developing wheat ovules (Zhang et al, 1990), anther tapetum of Zea mays (Perdue et al, 1992), callus of Nicotiana tabacum (Guo et al, 1995) and wheat anther epidermis (Wang et al, 2004). To date, CC has been found in male meiocytes and vegetative tissues of many plant species, but because they do not occur as frequently as PD in general tissue, they have been less extensively studied compared with PD, so little is known of their structure and function, especially in the interaction between CC and organelles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CC, also named cytoplasmic connection or cytomictic channel, was first seen in male meiocytes of Lycopersicum esculentum and Cucurbita maxima by electron microscopy (Weiling, 1965), and then in those of Cannabis sativa and Dactylorchis fuchsia (Heslop-Harrison, 1966), Arnebia hispidissima (Baquar and Husain, 1969), Lilium davidii (Zheng et al, 1987) and Ophys lutea (Feijo and Pais, 1988). Later they were also found in plant somatic tissues, e.g., vascular sieve plate (Esau and Thorsch, 1985), developing wheat ovules (Zhang et al, 1990), anther tapetum of Zea mays (Perdue et al, 1992), callus of Nicotiana tabacum (Guo et al, 1995) and wheat anther epidermis (Wang et al, 2004). To date, CC has been found in male meiocytes and vegetative tissues of many plant species, but because they do not occur as frequently as PD in general tissue, they have been less extensively studied compared with PD, so little is known of their structure and function, especially in the interaction between CC and organelles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic channels and their association with plastids in male meiocytes of tobacco, onion and lily

Wang

et al. 2006

Cell Biology International

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The ultrastructures of male meiocytes in tobacco, onion and lily were studied to elucidate the interaction between cytoplasmic channels (CCs) and plastids. Before meiosis, the male sporogenous cells had identically thickened cell walls (CWs) traversed by typical plasmodesmata (PDs). After entering meiosis, their CWs became uneven in thickness and 80-500nm aperture CCs were formed. Simultaneously, plastids or plastid-like bodies (PLBs) differing in size and morphology assembled at one or both ends of the CCs. These plastids and PLBs commonly orientated their sharper ends to face the CCs and were co-orientated on the axial line crossing the CC. Such pairs of plastids were often interconnected through the CC by thin (50-100nm) threads emanating from their membranes. Sometimes, plastids or PLBs extended directly from one side of a CW to the other, forming a bridge via the CC. In some cases, several plastids formed bridges between cells via one common CC. This is the first report that clearly demonstrates an intercellular continuum of, or communication between, plastids in male plant meiocytes.

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The formation of cytoplasmic channels between tapetal cells inZea mays

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Plasmodesmata and the supracellular nature of plants

Plasmodesmata and the supracellular nature of plants

Ultrastructural observations on anther tapetum development of freeze-fixed Ledebouria socialis Roth (Hyacinthaceae)

Cytoplasmic channels and their association with plastids in male meiocytes of tobacco, onion and lily

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