The Formation of Exponential Disk Galaxies in MOND

Wittenburg, Nils; Kroupa, Pavel; Famaey, Benoît

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6d73

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…On the other hand, several recent studies found that many galaxies do not contain dark matter [44], [45]. This observation was considered in some studies where the galaxy formation was simulated using modified Newtonian dynamics without considering the dark matter [32]. Thus, it seems that there is no evidence or agreement on the existence or nature of the dark matter as well as it is not an essential element in some galaxies.…”

Section: Simulation Of Spiral Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Astromechanics of Dual Universe: A New Possible Explanation for the Universe Unsolved Problems

Al-Fadhli¹

2020

Preprint

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The necessity of the dark energy and dark matter in the present universe could be a consequence of the antimatter elimination assumption in the early universe. Current cosmological models that rely on the dark side have left many unsolved mysteries, remarkably: tension in Hubble parameter measurements, the accelerated expansion, the fast orbital speed of stars, the dark flow observations, cosmic horizon, space flatness, absent of the antimatter, etc. On the other hand, General Relativity (GR) has relied on the spacetime to demonstrate the movement of matter due to a local curvature caused by the presence of matter. Founded on this, I trace the evolution of the spacetime worldlines based on the evolution of the universe spatial scale factor and its evolution time in polar coordinates in order to construct a potential spatial curvature over the temporal dimension or a global spacetime curvature. The mathematical derivations of a positively curved universe governed by only gravity revealed two opposite solutions of the worldline evolution. This possibly implies that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe. By implementing the derived model, we find a decelerated phase of spatial expansion during the first 10 Gyr, that is followed by a second phase of an accelerated expansion; potentially matching the tension in Hubble parameter measurements. In addition, the model predicts a final time-reversal phase of spatial contraction, due to rapid surge in density i.e. reversal entropy, leading to a Big Crunch of a cyclic universe. The predicted density is 1.14. Other predictions are (1) an evolvable curved spacetime at the decelerated phase that is transformed to flatness at the accelerated phase with internal voids which could continuously increase the matter and antimatter densities elsewhere in both sides. (2) the spatial curvature through time dimension along spacetime worldlines was found to increase galaxy orbital speed and (3) a calculable flow rate of the matter side towards the antimatter side at the accelerated phase; conceivably explaining the dark flow observation. These findings may indicate the existence of the antimatter as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe instead of the dark energy or dark matter. These theoretical outcomes and predictions are promising, which can be verified, fine-tuned or disproved using astrometric data in future works.

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Section: Simulation Of Spiral Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Astromechanics of Dual Universe: A New Possible Explanation for the Universe Unsolved Problems

Al-Fadhli¹

2020

Preprint

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“…On the other hand, several recent studies report that many galaxies do not contain dark matter [34]. This scenario was used to inform galaxy formation simulations using modified Newtonian dynamics without considering the effects of dark matter [35]. Therefore, it seems that there is no evidence for (or agreement on) the existence or nature of dark matter, and it may be not an essential requirement for galaxy formation.…”

Section: Simulation Of Spiral Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

On Spacetime Duality and the Astromechanics of a Dual Universe

Mb¹

2020

Preprint

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Recent astronomical measurements of the fine structure constant revealed it varies slightly through specific directions, which could indicate a directional/anisotropic universe. A curvature in complex spacetime can be interpreted as spatial warping evolution along with its travel through the imaginary time dimension. Complex spacetime worldlines of the universe spatial factor evolution through the imaginary time are utilised to construct a potential cosmic topology. The worldlines of a positively curved universe governed by gravity alone revealed two solutions, which imply that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct universe sides; potentially corroborating the axis of the cosmic microwave background and the directional universe. The model indicates a phase of decelerating spatial expansion during the first 9 Gyr, which is followed by a second phase of accelerating expansion; theoretically resolving the tension in the Hubble parameter measurements, with predicted density at the phase transition of 1.12>1. Additionally, it predicts a final time-reversal phase of spatial contraction leading to a Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic universe. On the spacetime duality, simulations of the spacetime continuum flux along with its predicted worldlines demonstrated the fast-orbital speed of stars due to an external momentum exerted on galaxies via curvature through the imaginary time dimension. These findings indicate the antimatter can exist as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe.

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“…Several recent studies have reported that many galaxies do not contain dark matter [34]. This scenario was used to inform galaxy formation simulations using modified Newtonian dynamics without considering the effects of dark matter [35]. Therefore, it seems that there is no evidence for (or agreement on) the existence or nature of dark matter, and it may not be an essential requirement for galaxy formation.…”

Section: Simulation Of a Spiral Galaxymentioning

confidence: 99%

On Spacetime Duality and Bounce Cosmology of a Dual Universe

Al-Fadhli¹

2020

Preprint

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Precise astronomical measurements of the fine structure constant and universe expansion rate have revealed that they vary over specific directions, demonstrating an anisotropic universe. The curvature in complex spacetime can be interpreted as spatial warping evolution along with its travel through the imaginary time dimension. Complex spacetime worldlines of the universe spatial factor evolution through imaginary time are utilised to model universe anisotropy. The worldlines of a positively curved universe revealed both positive and negative solutions, which imply that matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, theoretically corroborating the axis of the cosmic microwave background and observed anisotropy. The model indicates that a nascent hyperbolic expansion is followed by a first phase of decelerating spatial expansion during the first 9 Gyr, and then, a second phase of accelerating expansion. The model potentially resolves the tension in Hubble parameter measurements, with a predicted density at the phase transition of 1.12>1. In addition, it predicts a final time-reversal phase of rapid spatial contraction leading to the Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic universe. On spacetime quantum duality, the simulations of the spacetime continuum flux through its travel along with its predicted worldlines demonstrated the fast-orbital speed of stars resulting from an external momentum exerted on galaxies via the spatial curvature through the imaginary time dimension. These findings indicate that antimatter could exist as a distinct side, which influences the universe evolution; physically explaining the effects attributed to dark matter and dark energy.

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The Formation of Exponential Disk Galaxies in MOND

Cited by 57 publications

References 99 publications

Astromechanics of Dual Universe: A New Possible Explanation for the Universe Unsolved Problems

Astromechanics of Dual Universe: A New Possible Explanation for the Universe Unsolved Problems

On Spacetime Duality and the Astromechanics of a Dual Universe

On Spacetime Duality and Bounce Cosmology of a Dual Universe

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