The Formation of Marine Fog and the Development of Fog-Stratus Systems along the California Coast

Pilié, R. J.; Mack, E. J.; Rogers, C. W.; Katz, Ulrich; Kocmond, W. C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1979)018<1275:tfomfa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 116 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…California marine stratus and fog have been studied primarily on daily time scales (3,(26)(27)(28)(29) with aims toward forecasting for aviation and maritime activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Johnstone¹,

Dawson

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

201

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Biogeographical, physiological, and paleoecological evidence suggests that the coast redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.] is closely associated with the presence of summer marine fog along the Pacific coast of California. Here we present a novel record of summer fog frequency in the coast redwood region upon the basis of direct hourly measurements of cloud ceiling heights from 1951 to 2008. Our analysis shows that coastal summer fog frequency is a remarkably integrative measure of United States Pacific coastal climate, with strong statistical connections to the wind-driven upwelling system of the California Current and the broad ocean temperature pattern known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. By using a long-term index of daily maximum land temperatures, we infer a 33% reduction in fog frequency since the early 20th century. We present tree physiological data suggesting that coast redwood and other ecosystems along the United States west coast may be increasingly drought stressed under a summer climate of reduced fog frequency and greater evaporative demand.California Current | clouds | Pacific Decadal Oscillation | Sequoia sempervirens | temperature inversion

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“…California marine stratus and fog have been studied primarily on daily time scales (3,(26)(27)(28)(29) with aims toward forecasting for aviation and maritime activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Johnstone¹,

Dawson

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

250

201

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“…Figure 6b shows that the period was characterized by multiple events of cloud-base lowering followed by cloud-base rising with a stratus-fog layer ranging in depth from 200 to 1,000 m. Cloud radar reflectivity profiles up to 12 km (not shown) indicate that there were no clouds above the stratus deck during the entire period. Several processes have been suggested to explain variations in near-surface stratus cloud-base heights (e.g., Oliver et al 1978;Pilié et al 1979). ParisFog observations show that several processes were at play during the period.…”

Section: Stratus-fog Events: 23-29 December 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parisfog

Haeffelin¹,

Bergot²,

Elías³

et al. 2010

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

140

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, T. bergoT, T. elias, r. Tardif, d. Carrer, P. CHazeTTe, M. ColoMb, P. drobinski, e. duPonT, J.-C. duPonT, l. goMes, l. Musson-genon, C. PieTras, a. Plana-faTTori, a. ProTaT, J. rangognio, J.-C. rauT, s. réMy, d. riCHard, J. sCiare, and X. zHang A field experiment covering more than 100 fog and near-fog situations during the winter of 2006-07 investigated the dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes that drive the life cycle of fog.

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“…It is expected that the combination of these two datasets can be sufficient for investigating the roles of large-scale environmental changes in long-term sea-fog variation in the near surface layer. In particular, a temperature difference between the atmosphere and ocean has been often adopted for estimating sea-fog generation over the ocean (Pili e et al 1979;Dorman et al 1998;Cho et al 2000;Koracin et al 2001;Lewis et al 2003). Reanalysis-based temperature difference is easily calculated and suggests a possibility for generating sea fog over the ocean; this value is insufficient for discussing fog frequency observed in coastal land areas, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Synoptic-Scale Control on Long-Term Declining Trends of Summer Fog Frequency over the Pacific Side of Hokkaido Island

Sugimoto¹,

Sato²,

Nakamura³

2013

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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In this study, long-term visibility data for the Pacific Ocean side of Hokkaido Island, northeast Japan, are investigated to clarify the relationship between interannual variation in summer fog frequency (FF) and largescale circulation patterns. At Kushiro, a significant FF decrease is found during 1931-2010 even without the influence of the observatory's relocation after 2000. In particular, since the late 1970s, a linear declining trend has accelerated, as evidenced by an increased number of years with very low FF in July and August. To clarify the climatological factor causing the summer FF declining trend at Kushiro, atmospheric vertical conditions in the planetary boundary layer and large-scale circulation are examined during 1989-2009 and 1958-2002, respectively, using available datasets. Composite analyses that are based on radiosonde observations reveal that the shallow fog layer is covered with a strong inversion layer during fog days whereas the inversion layer is absent during nonfog days. Composite circulation anomalies for the low-FF years at Kushiro show an intensified Okhotsk high (OH) pressure feature and southward shrinking of the North Pacific high (NPH) in July, in addition to the eastward displacement or shrinking of the NPH in August. These anomalous synoptic circulation patterns cause weakening in the southerly-southeasterly wind, which reduces sea-fog advection toward Kushiro and prevents the formation of stable stratification over the sea-fog layer. The authors suggest that the interannual variation in summer FF with the recent accelerated decline at Kushiro is primarily controlled by changes in the synoptic circulation associated with the OH and NPH development.

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The Formation of Marine Fog and the Development of Fog-Stratus Systems along the California Coast

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Climatic context and ecological implications of summer fog decline in the coast redwood region

Parisfog

Effects of Synoptic-Scale Control on Long-Term Declining Trends of Summer Fog Frequency over the Pacific Side of Hokkaido Island

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