The formation of marine kin structure: effects of dispersal, larval cohesion, and variable reproductive success

D'Aloia, Cassidy; Neubert, Michael G.

doi:10.1002/ecy.2480

Cited by 14 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other phenomena such as larval cohesion and/or variability in reproductive success could explain these patterns of family structure as has been suggested previously (Broquet, Viard, & Yearsley, 2013;D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018). Other phenomena such as larval cohesion and/or variability in reproductive success could explain these patterns of family structure as has been suggested previously (Broquet, Viard, & Yearsley, 2013;D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Taken together, these results indicate that the hypothesis of "limited larval dispersal" explains the few cases of higher than expected kinship found at small scales (<50 m). Other phenomena such as larval cohesion and/or variability in reproductive success could explain these patterns of family structure as has been suggested previously (Broquet, Viard, & Yearsley, 2013;D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…We have also found evidence of aggregations of relatives at small spatial scales, which indicates that the spatial distribution of related individuals can be nonrandom at small spatial scales (<1 km) and which suggests that dispersal might be occasionally limited in this species (D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018). Our results indicate that this genetic discontinuity cannot be explained by differences in local population processes and seems to be rather the consequence of local circulation features and/or environmental heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Contrary to the belief that there is a high degree of mixing of genotypes in the ocean due to oceanographic circulation, long PLDs, and high larval mortality (D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018), there is also evidence that some marine organisms form kin aggregations like Crassostrea virginica (Adrian, Lack, & Kamel, 2017), Panulirus interruptus (Iacchei et al, 2013), and Coryphopterus personatus (Selwyn et al, 2016). Several explanations exist for how highly related individuals can be found at small spatial scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…First, larval retention or larval cohorts can disperse in the plankton as clustered groups (Ben-Tzvi et al, 2012;Bernardi, Beldade, Holbrook, & Schmitt, 2012). Third, genetic drift can alter the effective size of local breeding groups and variance in reproductive success among individuals (Broquet et al, 2013;D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018). Third, genetic drift can alter the effective size of local breeding groups and variance in reproductive success among individuals (Broquet et al, 2013;D'Aloia & Neubert, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Morales-González

Giles

Quesada-Calderón

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Studying population structure and genetic diversity at fine spatial scales is key for a better understanding of demographic processes that influence population connectivity. This is particularly important in marine benthic organisms that rely on larval dispersal to maintain connectivity among populations. Here, we report the results of a genetic survey of the ascidian Pyura chilensis from three localities along the southeastern Pacific. This study follows up on a previous report that described a genetic break in this region among localities only 20 km apart. By implementing a hierarchical sampling design at four spatial levels and using ten polymorphic microsatellite markers, we test whether differences in fine‐scale population structure explain the previously reported genetic break. We compared genetic spatial autocorrelations, as well as kinship and relatedness distributions within and among localities adjacent to the genetic break. We found no evidence of significant autocorrelation at the scale up to 50 m despite the low dispersal potential of P. chilensis that has been reported in the literature. We also found that the proportion of related individuals in close proximity (<1 km) was higher than the proportion of related individuals further apart. These results were consistent in the three localities. Our results suggest that the spatial distribution of related individuals can be nonrandom at small spatial scales and suggests that dispersal might be occasionally limited in this species or that larval cohorts can disperse in the plankton as clustered groups. Overall, this study sheds light on new aspects of the life of this ascidian as well as confirms the presence of a genetic break at 39°S latitude. Also, our data indicate there is not enough evidence to confirm that this genetic break can be explained by differences in fine‐scale genetic patterns among localities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Morales-González

Giles

Quesada-Calderón

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Limited spatiotemporal larval mixing of the Norway lobster from no‐take marine protected areas in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Clavel‐Henry,

Bahamon,

Aguzzi

et al. 2024

Aquatic Conservation

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The larvae of many marine species are pelagic drifters in the vast oceans, yet they are the first and, for sessile species, the only way to connect with other populations. Connectivity is of particular interest in designing and assessing marine protected areas (MPAs), as it is considered a factor of renewal and stability. In this study, we focused on larval mixing between MPAs, investigating mixing rates during and at the end of their pelagic life, and how this is affected by the timing of larval release. We used a particle transport model coupled to the climatological hydrodynamics of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea to simulate the trajectories of Nephrops norvegicus larvae. Larvae were released from four no‐take MPAs, where fishery activity is banned, and started mixing between 7 and 12 days old. At settlement time, larval mixing mainly occurred between two pairs of MPAs labelled AxB (49.4% ± 5.8%) and CxD (23.7% ± 10.7%), respectively, located on the northern and southern sides of a thermal front. Percentages of larval mixing between these pairs changed, and other MPA combinations were formed with delayed larval release times. Mixing of larvae released from the same MPA tended to decrease with increasing delays between release times. This variability in mixing was related to the latitudinal distribution of MPAs along the continental slope and the spatiotemporal dynamics of the regional hydrodynamics, with a strong impact from a thermal front. Larval mixing modelling is a useful measure for understanding connectivity in marine environments and can suggest new conservation decisions. It identifies MPAs that are spatially distributed to facilitate the convergence of larvae from various protected areas. It also underlines that recognizing the significance of hydrodynamic variability when designing MPAs is crucial for promoting efficient connectivity among these areas.

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Dispersal, kin aggregation, and the fitness consequences of not spreading sibling larvae

Burgess

Powell

Bueno

2022

Ecology

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Dispersal has far‐reaching implications for individuals, populations, and communities, especially in sessile organisms. Escaping competition with conspecifics and with kin are theorized to be key factors leading to dispersal as an adaptation. However, manipulative approaches in systems in which adults are sessile but offspring have behaviors is required for a more complete understanding of how competition affects dispersal. Here, we integrate a series of experiments to study how dispersal affects the density and relatedness of neighbors, and how the density and relatedness of neighbors in turn affects fitness. In a marine bryozoan, we empirically estimated dispersal kernels and found that most larvae settled within ~1 m of the maternal colony, although some could potentially travel at least 10s of meters. Larvae neither actively preferred or avoided conspecifics or kin at settlement. We experimentally determined the effects of spreading sibling larvae by manipulating the density and relatedness of settlers and measuring components of fitness in the field. We found that settler density reduced maternal fitness when settler neighbors were siblings compared with when neighbors were unrelated or absent. Genetic markers also identified very few half sibs (and no full sibs) in adults from the natural population, and rarely close enough to directly interact. In this system, dispersal occurs over short distances (meters) yet, in contrast with expectations, there appears to be limited kinship between adult neighbors. Our results suggest that the limited dispersal increases early offspring mortality when siblings settle next to each other, rather than next to unrelated conspecifics, potentially reducing kinship in adult populations. High offspring production and multiple paternity could further dilute kinship at settlement and reduce selection for dispersal beyond the scale of 10s of meters.

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The formation of marine kin structure: effects of dispersal, larval cohesion, and variable reproductive success

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Limited spatiotemporal larval mixing of the Norway lobster from no‐take marine protected areas in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Dispersal, kin aggregation, and the fitness consequences of not spreading sibling larvae

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