1983
DOI: 10.1177/0002716283467001003
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The Formation of New States as a Refugee-Generating Process

Abstract: Considered as a social phenomenon, refugees can be thought of as the migratory segment of a larger group of victims, singled out for the willful exercise of extraordinary malevolence on the part of their state of residence, acting directly or by indirection. As part of the same process, others in the target group may be immobilized or destroyed. As acknowledged by the current U.N. definition, refugees fall into two main categories. Some are persecuted on grounds of political opinion or activity; since such per… Show more

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Cited by 160 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…Contemporary nation-states are the historical products of the use of large measures of violence to set and maintain state borders, to produce and reproduce national identities, and to define and control populations, who become understood as "nationals" (Weber 1978;Tilly 1990;Torpey 1998, 241). The emergence of modern nation-states has been accompanied, in many cases, by ethnic cleansing, population exchanges, genocide, and programs of assimilation and homogenization (Arendt 1948(Arendt [1973Zolberg 1983;Rae 2002;Mann 2005). Furthermore, the project of national state-building itself was motivated in large part by the need to mobilize resources and human capital to support large-scale warfare (Tilly 1990;Spruyt 1994).…”
Section: Methodological Nationalism and Security Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Contemporary nation-states are the historical products of the use of large measures of violence to set and maintain state borders, to produce and reproduce national identities, and to define and control populations, who become understood as "nationals" (Weber 1978;Tilly 1990;Torpey 1998, 241). The emergence of modern nation-states has been accompanied, in many cases, by ethnic cleansing, population exchanges, genocide, and programs of assimilation and homogenization (Arendt 1948(Arendt [1973Zolberg 1983;Rae 2002;Mann 2005). Furthermore, the project of national state-building itself was motivated in large part by the need to mobilize resources and human capital to support large-scale warfare (Tilly 1990;Spruyt 1994).…”
Section: Methodological Nationalism and Security Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fall of Saigon in 1975 was not the end of the Cold War; it had merely triggered the onset of its final phase, that of proxy wars between Third World countries in the so-called Global South -Afghanistan, the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia), the IranIraq war -to name but a few. These 'refugee-generating' wars (Zolberg 1983) sent, for the first time since the fifteenth-century global expansion of the West, waves of human migration to the West -desperate individuals who, through the claim of asylum, wrested their right to cross borders surreptitiously and remain.…”
Section: Migration In the Post-imperial Agementioning
confidence: 99%
“…As Zolberg has pointed out, refugee migration is not market-driven, although refugees do end up as economic migrants in the labour market; it is the result of 'refugee-generating states' (Zolberg 1983). As a consequence, return is difficult, thus hampering the emergence of the transnational corridor so typical of labour migration.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zolberg 1983b;Marrus 1985), there is little novelty, certainly not in any absolute sense, in recent refugee migrations. While there are significant problems in defining refugees and refugee migrations (e.g.…”
Section: Post-1945 Migration Flowsmentioning
confidence: 99%