The Formation of Percolative Composites with a High Dielectric Constant and High Conductivity

Wang, Mingsong; Zhu, Jiliang; Zhu, Wenliang; Zhu, Bo; Liu, Jing; Zhu, Xiaohong; Pu, Yudong; Zeng, Zifan; Li, Xuhai; Yuan, Daqing; Zhu, Shengyun; Pezzotti, Giuseppe

doi:10.1002/anie.201203389

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lower dielectric loss was due to lower loss tangent of (Ba 0.5 Sr 0.4 Ca 0.1 )TiO 3 , typically ∼0.001–0.002, as well as changes in the physical properties of the PVDF matrix. Wang et al prepared two-phase percolative nanocomposites by using potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) as insulating fillers . It was found that the permittivity of the composite was enhanced to 2.9 × 10 6 with a loss tangent of 27.5 at 1 kHz near the percolation threshold (23 vol %).…”

Section: Pvdf-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

2016

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Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are rapidly emerging as novel materials for a number of advanced engineering applications. In this Review, we present a comprehensive review of the use of ferroelectric polymers, especially PVDF and PVDF-based copolymers/blends as potential components in dielectric nanocomposite materials for high energy density capacitor applications. Various parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, energy density, and flexibility of the polymer nanocomposites have been thoroughly investigated. Fillers with different shapes have been found to cause significant variation in the physical and electrical properties. Generally, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanofillers with large aspect ratios provide enhanced flexibility versus zero-dimensional fillers. Surface modification of nanomaterials as well as polymers adds flavor to the dielectric properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Nowadays, three-phase nanocomposites with either combination of fillers or polymer matrix help in further improving the dielectric properties as compared to two-phase nanocomposites. Recent research has been focused on altering the dielectric properties of different materials while also maintaining their superior flexibility. Flexible polymer nanocomposites are the best candidates for application in various fields. However, certain challenges still present, which can be solved only by extensive research in this field.

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Section: Pvdf-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

2016

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“…[1][2][3] In these polymer nanocomposites, synergistic fusion of polymers and active nano-inclusions gives rise to superior thermal transportation performance, 4 high electrical conductivity or much enhanced dielectric polarization. 5 Interfacial issues between the polymers and nano-inclusions are most dominant in determining the performances of polymer nanocomposites. For instance, the Kapitza thermal resistance at the polymer/nano-inclusion interface seriously limits the maximal thermal conductivity that could be achieved in polymer nanocomposites and even carbon nanotubes 6 or boron nitride 4 of super high thermal transportation properties are employed as nano-inclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical interfaces induce high dielectric permittivity in nanocomposites containing TiO₂@BaTiO₃ nanofibers

et al. 2014

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Interface issues are common and crucial in nanocomposites or nanohybrid systems since the interface area is enormous on the nanoscale. In the 0-3 dimensional polymer nanocomposites, in which nano-inclusions (0-dimension) are embedded in a 3-dimensionally connected polymer matrix, enhanced dielectric permittivity could be induced by the interfacial polarization at the interfaces between the nano-inclusions and the polymer matrix. In this contribution, we propose and demonstrate that the topological structure of the interface plays an equally important role as the area of the interface in determining the dielectric polarization of polymer nanocomposites. TiO2 nanofibers embedded with BaTiO3 nanoparticles are prepared via electrospinning and then fused with polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) into polymer nanocomposite films. Modulation of hierarchical interfaces is thus achieved for these nanocomposites. The confinement of these additional interfaces inside the TiO2 nanofibers leads to percolated networks formed by the interfacial regions. The dielectric permittivity of the polymer nanocomposites is thus enhanced by ∼300% over the PVDF matrix at a low filler loading of 11 vol%. A phase-field simulation study indicates that the enhanced dielectric permittivity could be attributed to the increased polarization in the percolated interfacial regions inside the TiO2 nanofibers. The instantaneous electrical breakdown of the TiO2@BaTiO3 nanofibers studied by the in situ transmission electron microscopy method further reveals the striking feature that the breakdown behavior of the nanofibers changes from semiconductive to metallic with the incorporation of insulating BaTiO3 nanoparticles.

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“…Therefore, the percolative compositing strategy can effectively passivate charge traps and reduce the less-conductive areas in pure Co 3 O 4 film, and better guide the charge flow by constructing nanosized charge transport pathways. [28][29][30][31]45] Space-charge limited current (SCLC) tests were carried to determine hole mobility of Co 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 -SrCO 3 films. The higher hole mobility can be calculated for Co 3 O 4 -SrCO 3 (6.33 × 10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) compared with Co 3 O 4 (1.49 × 10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ), agreeing well with the c-AFM results (Figure S8, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Organized Co₃O₄‐SrCO₃ Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are expected to profoundly impact the photovoltaic society on account of its high-efficiency and cost-saving manufacture. As a key component in efficient PSCs, the hole transport layer (HTL) can selectively collect photogenerated carriers from perovskite absorbers and prevent the charge recombination at interfaces. However, the mainstream organic HTLs generally require multi-step synthesis and hygroscopic dopants that significantly limit the practical application of PSCs. Here, a self-organized percolative architecture composed of narrow bandgap oxides (e.g., Co 3 O 4 , NiO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , and MnO 2 ) and wide bandgap SrCO 3 oxysalt as efficient HTLs for PSCs is presented. The percolation of dual phases offers nanosized hole transport pathways and optimized interfacial band alignments, enabling significantly improved charge collection compared with the single phase HTLs. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency boosted from 8.08% of SrCO 3 based device and 15.47% of Co 3 O 4 based device to 21.84% of Co 3 O 4 -SrCO 3 based one without notable hysteresis. The work offers a new direction by employing percolative materials for efficient charge transport and collection in PSCs, and would be applicable to a wide range of opto-electronic thin film devices.

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The Formation of Percolative Composites with a High Dielectric Constant and High Conductivity

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

Hierarchical interfaces induce high dielectric permittivity in nanocomposites containing TiO₂@BaTiO₃ nanofibers

Self‐Organized Co₃O₄‐SrCO₃ Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells

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The Formation of Percolative Composites with a High Dielectric Constant and High Conductivity

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

Recent Progress on Ferroelectric Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for High Energy Density Capacitors: Synthesis, Dielectric Properties, and Future Aspects

Hierarchical interfaces induce high dielectric permittivity in nanocomposites containing TiO2@BaTiO3 nanofibers

Self‐Organized Co3O4‐SrCO3 Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells

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Hierarchical interfaces induce high dielectric permittivity in nanocomposites containing TiO₂@BaTiO₃ nanofibers

Self‐Organized Co₃O₄‐SrCO₃ Percolative Composites Enabling Nanosized Hole Transport Pathways for Perovskite Solar Cells