The formation of tungsten and tungsten carbides by CVD synthesis and the proposed mechanism of chemical transformations and crystallization processes

Dushik, V. V.; Rozhanskii, N. V.; Lifshits, V. O.; Rybkina, T. V.; Kuz'min, V.P.

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.06.003

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The surface configuration would be changed due to either the surface reconstruction or the microwave plasma surface etching effect. [ 33–35 ] According to the carbonization of metals and the chemical reactions of the C and H groups (e.g., [CH 3 ], [C 2 H 2 ]), we propose the chemical reactions of the W top layer with the mixed gases of CH 4 and H 2 in the process of the MPCVD synthesis

2W (s) + C (s) \to {normalW}_{2} C (s)

{normalW}_{2} C (s) + 2 C (s) \to 2 WC (s)

W (s) + C (s) \to WC (s)

2W (s) + [{CH}_{3}] (g) \to {normalW}_{2} C (s) + 3 [H] (g)

{normalW}_{2} C (s) + [{CH}_{3}] (g) \to 2 WC (s) + 3 [H] (g)

4W<...

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Adhesion, and Properties of Multilayer Structure WC/W/MCrAlY Coating on γ‐TiAl Alloy Prepared by Plasma Surface Metallizing Technique and Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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The WC coatings with a multilayer structure are synthesized on a γ-TiAl alloy by the combined treatments of plasma surface metallizing technique and microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The morphology, microstructure, and phases of the coatings are examined by a white light profilometer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques. The formation of tungsten carbide coating leads to high hardness and good wear resistance. Because of a W transition layer and MCrAlY bonding layer, the good adhesion is achieved between coatings and substrate. This result provides a new approach for designing refractory metals and/or their carbide coatings on metals/alloys substrates, for example, WC and/or W coating on TiAl alloy and titanium alloys.

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2W (s) + C (s) \to {normalW}_{2} C (s)

{normalW}_{2} C (s) + 2 C (s) \to 2 WC (s)

W (s) + C (s) \to WC (s)

2W (s) + [{CH}_{3}] (g) \to {normalW}_{2} C (s) + 3 [H] (g)

{normalW}_{2} C (s) + [{CH}_{3}] (g) \to 2 WC (s) + 3 [H] (g)

4W<...

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, Adhesion, and Properties of Multilayer Structure WC/W/MCrAlY Coating on γ‐TiAl Alloy Prepared by Plasma Surface Metallizing Technique and Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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“…The chemical vapor-phase synthesis (CVS) of WC powder refers to the preparation of WC powders via hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapor reduction precursors (Dushik et al, 2018). If WCl 6 is used as a precursor, CH 4 and hydrogen are taken as the C source and reducing agent, respectively, and the reaction temperature is set to 1200 • C, the following reaction takes place (Aneela and Srikanth, 2018):…”

Section: Vapor-phase Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation Technology of Ultra-Fine Tungsten Carbide Powders: An Overview

Tan

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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Ultrafine tungsten carbide (WC) powder refers to WC powders with a particle size between 100 and 500 nm. Researchers have improved the comprehensive properties of WC-based cemented carbides by preparing ultra-fine WC powders. Because of the preparation and application of nanoscale WC powders, ultrafine-grain cemented carbides with excellent hardness and wear resistance have been successfully produced. In this paper, the preparation methods of ultra-fine WC powder are divided into solid-phase, liquid-phase, and vapor-phase methods according to the state of the raw materials (i.e., the W or C source). The liquid-phase methods could realize the preparation of WC at the temperature between 500 and 800 • C. The purity of WC prepared by vapor-phase method is the highest. The solid-phase reduction carbonization method has potential industrial application.

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“…To date, many types of 2D materials, such as nitrides, [ 174 , 175 ] carbides, [ 176 , 177 ] oxides, [ 178 , 179 ] etc., and their heterostructures, [ 180 , 181 ] have been successfully prepared under CVD conditions. It should be noted that the CVD growth method needs only very simple equipment to reach precisely controllable experimental parameters, such as temperature, atmosphere, and pressure, which enable CVD to be the most widely employed fabrication method for the growth of 2D and other thin‐film materials.…”

Section: Construction Of 2d Superlattice Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterostructure Engineering of 2D Superlattice Materials for Electrocatalysis

et al. 2022

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Exploring low‐cost and high‐efficient electrocatalyst is an exigent task in developing novel sustainable energy conversion systems, such as fuel cells and electrocatalytic fuel generations. 2D materials, specifically 2D superlattice materials focused here, featured highly accessible active areas, high density of active sites, and high compatibility with property‐complementary materials to form heterostructures with desired synergetic effects, have demonstrated to be promising electrocatalysts for boosting the performance of sustainable energy conversion and storage devices. Nevertheless, the reaction kinetics, and in particular, the functional mechanisms of the 2D superlattice‐based catalysts yet remain ambiguous. In this review, based on the recent progress of 2D superlattice materials in electrocatalysis applications, the rational design and fabrication of 2D superlattices are first summarized and the application of 2D superlattices in electrocatalysis is then specifically discussed. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and the strategies for the future design of 2D superlattice materials are outlined. This review attempts to establish an intrinsic correlation between the 2D superlattice heterostructures and the catalytic properties, so as to provide some insights into developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for next‐generation sustainable energy conversion and storage.

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The formation of tungsten and tungsten carbides by CVD synthesis and the proposed mechanism of chemical transformations and crystallization processes

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Microstructure, Adhesion, and Properties of Multilayer Structure WC/W/MCrAlY Coating on γ‐TiAl Alloy Prepared by Plasma Surface Metallizing Technique and Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Microstructure, Adhesion, and Properties of Multilayer Structure WC/W/MCrAlY Coating on γ‐TiAl Alloy Prepared by Plasma Surface Metallizing Technique and Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Preparation Technology of Ultra-Fine Tungsten Carbide Powders: An Overview

Heterostructure Engineering of 2D Superlattice Materials for Electrocatalysis

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