2013
DOI: 10.1017/s0022050713000879
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The Formative Years of the Modern Corporation: The Dutch East India Company VOC, 1602–1623

Abstract: With their legal personhood, permanent capital, transferable shares, separation of ownership and management, and limited liability, the Dutch and English colonial trading companies VOC and EIC are considered institutional breakthroughs. We analyze the VOC's business operations and financial policy and show that its novel corporate form owed less to foresight than to piecemeal engineering to remedy design flaws. The crucial feature of managerial limited liability was not, as previously thought, integral to that… Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…But the VOC lacked separate “juridical personhood.” Its letters patent did not constitute it a “body corporate,” grant it ownership rights, or grant it a seal 15 . All operating funds were provided by the individual chambers, 16 the leading merchants of which remained personally responsible for equipping their chamber's fleet and, crucially, fully liable for all debts contracted (with the exception only of the sailors’ wages, which were to come out of profits or not at all) (Gelderblom et al , 2013: 1069).…”
Section: From Member Corporation To Property Corporation: Rise Of Thementioning
confidence: 99%
“…But the VOC lacked separate “juridical personhood.” Its letters patent did not constitute it a “body corporate,” grant it ownership rights, or grant it a seal 15 . All operating funds were provided by the individual chambers, 16 the leading merchants of which remained personally responsible for equipping their chamber's fleet and, crucially, fully liable for all debts contracted (with the exception only of the sailors’ wages, which were to come out of profits or not at all) (Gelderblom et al , 2013: 1069).…”
Section: From Member Corporation To Property Corporation: Rise Of Thementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Om de Middelburgse kamer te dwingen een oude schuld te betalen, dreigden ze niet met beslaglegging op de eigendommen van de kamer, maar met in hechtenisneming van de bewindhebbers. Deze onbeperkte aansprakelijkheid van directeuren begrensde de vreemdvermogenscapaciteit van de VOC tot de gezamenlijke kredietwaardigheid van de directeuren (Schalk, Gelderblom & Jonker, 2012;Gelderblom, De Jong & Jonker, 2013).…”
Section: Het Karakter Van Het Voc-bedrijfunclassified
“…De VOC bezat dus drie kenmerken van moderne bedrijven, te weten een scheiding tussen eigendom en management, beperkte aansprakelijkheid van aandeelhouders en overdraagbare aandelen. Zij miste echter drie andere eigenschappen, namelijk een permanent kapitaal, beperkte aansprakelijkheid voor de managers en rechtspersoonlijkheid (Gelderblom, De Jong & Jonker, 2013;Dari-Matiacci, Gelderblom, Jonker & Perotti, 2013). Bovendien week de scheve bestuursstructuur, die de staat alle macht en de aandeelhouders geen macht gaf, af van normen die zowel toentertijd als vandaag de dag nog gelden.…”
Section: Het Karakter Van Het Voc-bedrijfunclassified
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