The Formula for a Successful Laparoscopic Skills Curriculum

Abstract

Although multiple simulators have been validated as effective training tools, curriculum development is lagging, and considerable work is needed to determine the best methods for training. This article identifies the factors that influence the successful incorporation of simulator training into the resident curriculum, reviews the evidence regarding laparoscopic curriculum development in the surgical literature, and provides a formula for effective curriculum design. A successful laparoscopic skills curriculum depends on many factors including participant motivation, available resources and personnel, and trainee and faculty commitment. It should encompass goal-oriented training, sensitive and objective performance metrics, appropriate methods of instruction and feedback, deliberate, distributed, and variable practice, an amount of overtraining, maintenance training, and a cognitive component. A curriculum that follows these principles is likely to spark trainee interest, ensure their satisfaction and participation in training sessions, and lead to an effective and efficient way of acquiring new skills using simulators. A skills curriculum is a dynamic process that should be tailored to individual needs and be continuously optimized based on accumulated evidence and experience.

2D Versus 3D Visualization: Impact on Laparoscopic Proficiency Using the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Skill Set

“…[15][16][17] Branded as the ''Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery'' (FLS) program, this curriculum has been validated by multiple studies across surgical specialities as a laparoscopic surgical skill assessment and training tool. 15,16,[18][19][20][21] We, therefore, sought to compare the impact of 2D versus 3D visualization on laparoscopic performance using components of the validated FLS skill set.…”

“…1,12 We sought to overcome this limitation by basing our assessment of laparoscopic proficiency in the current analysis on components of the standardized FLS curriculum. Developed by SAGES 15 and endorsed by the American College of Surgeons, 18,19 the FLS program has now been validated as a laparoscopic surgical skill assessment and training tool in multiple studies across specialty lines. 16,18,20,21 Fried et al 15 demonstrated that FLS scores increased progressively with increasing laparoscopic experience among general surgeons (n = 215, P < .0001) and that surgery residents followed over time increased their FLS scores (n = 24, P < .0001), thus providing evidence of construct validity.…”

História da simulação cirúrgica e sua aplicação em Neurocirurgia

“…Indubitavelmente, no futuro, os simuladores se tornarão uma parte integrante do currículo da maioria dos programas cirúrgicos. Dessa forma, as seguintes considerações podem ser inferidas da literatura: 1) a simulação integrada na educação neurocirúrgica deve ser feita principalmente tendo em mente o ensino dos residentes [28]; 2) no treinamento do residente, é essencial a integração da simulação com um currículo formalizado [26]; 3) a combinação de diferentes modalidades de simulação parece ser efetiva, assim, residentes em níveis diferentes de treinamento devem diversificar os tipos de simulação, com evidentes benefícios educacionais; 4) a distribuição de tempo de prática permite a aquisição mais eficiente da habilidade quando se utiliza a simulação para propósitos educacionais [29]; 5) realizar avaliação periódica do cirurgião relativa à performance após a simulação é importante para se obter o máximo benefício [30].…”

Awareness of surgeons and surgical trainees of online web-based techniques for teaching laparoscopic surgery in north Queensland

“…The Web-based training video (WBTV) contains a large collection of streaming and downloadable HD quality videos of surgical procedures, combined with how-to step-by-step surgical teaching guidelines to aid the implementation of laparoscopic surgical procedures for various surgical disciplines. 24,25 Further, just recently, the first interactive e-learning program for laparoscopy has been introduced. 25 The elearning program is called ''SimpraxisTM Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Trainer'', a customizable, interactive, simulation software training platform for cognitive learning of surgical procedures.…”