The forward muon detector of L3

Ádám, A.; Aguilar-Benı́tez, M.; Alarcon, J. Toledo; Alberdi, J.; Alexandrov, V.; Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Anderhub, H.; Ariza, M.; Azemoon, T.; Aziz, T.; Bakker, Frank; Banerjee, S.; Banicz, K.; Barcala, J.M.; Becker, U.; Berdugo, J.; Berges, P.; Betev, B. L.; Biland, A.; Bobbink, G. J.; Böck, R.; Böhm, A.; Borissov, V.; Bosseler, K.; Bouvier, Ph.; Brambilla, E.; Burger, J. D.; Burgos, C.; Buskens, J.; Carlier, J.; Carlino, G.; Casaus, J.; Cavallo, N.; Cerjak, I.; Cerrada, M.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, H.S.; Chendvankar, S. R.; Chvatchkine, V.; Daniel, M. K.; Asmundis, R. de; Decreuse, G.; Deiters, K.; Djambazov, L.; Duraffourg, P.; Erné, F.C.; Esser, H. G.; Ezekiev, S.; Faber, G.; Fabre, Michel; Fernández, G.; Freudenreich, K.; Fritschi, M.; Garcı́a-Abia, P.; González, Alfonso; Gurtu, A.; Gutay, L.; Haller, C.; Herold, W.; Herrmann, J.; Hervé, A.; Hofer, H.; Hofer, M.; Höfer, T.; Homma, J.; Horisberger, U.; Horváth, I.; Ingenito, P.; Innocente, V.; Ioudine, I.; Jaspers, M.; Jong, P. de; Kaestli, W.; Kaspar, H.; Kitov, V.; König, A. C.; Koutsenko, V.; Lanzano, S.; Lapoint, C.; Lebedev, A.; Lecomte, P.; Lista, L.; Lübelsmeyer, K.; Lustermann, W.; Ma, J.; Milesi, M.; Molinero, A.; Montero, A. J. Rubio; Moore, R.; Nahn, S.; Navarrete, Jose Javier; Okle, M.; Orlinov, I.; Ostojic, D.; Pandoulas, D.; Paolucci, P.; Parascandolo, P.; Passeggio, G.; Patricelli, S.; Peach, D.; Piccolo, D.; Pigni, L.; Postema, H.; Puras, C.; Ren, D.; Rewiersma, P.; Rietmeyer, A.; Riles, K.; Risco, J.; Robohm, A.; Rodin, J.; Roeser, U.; Romero, L.; Rossum, W. van; Rykaczewski, H.; Sarakinos, M. E.; Sassowsky, M.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Scholz, N.; Schultze, K.; Schuylenburg, H.; Sciacca, C.; Seiler, P.G.; Siedenburg, T.; Siedling, R.; Smith, Bryan; Soulimov, V.; Sudhakar, K.; Syben, O.; Tonutti, M.; Udovcic, A.; Ulbricht, J.; Veillet, L.; Vergain, M.; Viertel, G.; Gunten, H. P. Von; Vorobyov, A. A.; Vranković, V.; Waard, A. de; Waldmeier-Wicki, S.; Wallraff, W.; Walter, H. C.; Wang, J.C.; Wei, Zhourong; Wetter, Reto; Weverling, I.; Willmott, C.; Wittgenstein, F.; Wu, Rui; Yang, K.S.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, Y.; Zuang, H.L.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(96)00777-2

Cited by 165 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, an array of single channel electron multipliers can obtain two-dimensional information. The time-of-flight then adds the third dimension [9]. A single detector can replace the array if the electron is captured in an electric and magnetic field and recorded with a combination of an MCP and a position sensitive detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and characterization of ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition SiGe epitaxial layers on bulk single-crystal SiGe and Si substrates

Sheng

Dion

McAlister

et al. 2002

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Momentum space tomographic imaging of photoelectrons AbstractWe apply tomography, a general method for reconstructing 3D distributions from multiple projections, to reconstruct the momentum distribution of electrons produced via strong field photoionization. The projections are obtained by rotating the electron distribution via the polarization of the ionizing laser beam and recording a momentum spectrum at each angle with a 2D velocity map imaging spectrometer. For linearly polarized light, the tomographic reconstruction agrees with the distribution obtained using an Abel inversion. Electron tomography, which can be applied to any polarization, will simplify the technology of electron imaging. The method can be directly generalized to other charged particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and characterization of ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition SiGe epitaxial layers on bulk single-crystal SiGe and Si substrates

Sheng

Dion

McAlister

et al. 2002

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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6 Experimental Precision Tests for the Electroweak Standard Model

Grünewald¹

2008

Theory and Experiments

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This paper contains a review of recent precision measurements of electroweak observables and resulting tests of the electroweak Standard Model. Invited Chapter for a Handbook of Particle Physics IntroductionThe last twenty years have seen enormous progress in experimental precision measurements in particle physics and tests of the electroweak Standard Model. New generations of experiments using advanced detectors at high-energy particle colliders perform measurements with a precision unprecedented in high-energy particle physics. This review summarises the major exciting experimental results measured at the highest energies and pertaining to the electroweak interaction.Comparisons with the theory, the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) [1], are used to test the theory and to constrain its free parameters. The data sets analysed for the precision measurements presented here have been accumulated at the world's highest-energy particle colliders over the last two decades. They verify the SM as a renormalisable field theory correctly describing nature. Electron-positron collisions at 91 GeV centre-of-mass energy were studied by the SLD detector [8], operating at Stanford's Linear Collider (SLC) [12] (1989-1998), and by the experiments ALEPH [13], DELPHI [15], L3 [17] and OPAL [21], taking data at the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) [25] (1989-1995) at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. This centre-of-mass energy corresponds to the mass of the Z boson, the heavy neutral exchange particle of the electroweak interaction, which is thus produced in resonance, e + e − → Z. While SLC provided interactions at a fixed centre-of-mass energy corresponding to the maximum of the Z resonance cross section, the LEP-I collider provided collisions at several centre-of-mass energy points, thereby scanning the Z resonance lineshape in the range from 88 GeV to 94 GeV. By increasing the LEP center-of-mass energy up to 209 GeV (LEP-II, 1996, the precision measurements of Z-boson properties at LEP-I were complemented by measurements of the properties of the W-boson, the charged carrier of the electroweak interaction, in the reaction e + e − → W + W − at LEP-II. Proton-antiproton collisions are provided by the Tevatron collider operating at the Fermi Na-2 tional Accelerator Laboratory close to Chicago in the USA, at centre-of-mass energies of 1.8 TeV (Run-I, 1992(Run-I, -1996 and 2.0 TeV (Run-II, since 2001), and are studied by the experiments CDF [29] and DØ [30]. Results from the Tevatron experiments important for the electroweak interaction include measurements of the mass of the W boson, as well as the discovery of the sixth and heaviest quark known today, the top quark, in 1995 and the measurements of its properties, in particular its mass. In addition, key measurements were performed in dedicated experiments at lower interaction energies, notably the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon [32], as well as the measurements of parity violation effects in a...

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Search for supersymmetric particles at at LEP

et al. 1996

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A search for supersymmetric particles (charginos, neutralinos, sleptons and stop quarks) has been performed with data collected by the L3 detector during the November 1995 run of the LEP collider at centre of mass energies between 130 and 140 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 5.1 pb-'. We observe no signal for supersymmetric particles and we set improved exclusion limits on their production cross sections and masses.

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The forward muon detector of L3

Cited by 165 publications

References 24 publications

Growth and characterization of ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition SiGe epitaxial layers on bulk single-crystal SiGe and Si substrates

Growth and characterization of ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition SiGe epitaxial layers on bulk single-crystal SiGe and Si substrates

6 Experimental Precision Tests for the Electroweak Standard Model

Search for supersymmetric particles at at LEP

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