The fossil record of <i>Eucalyptus</i> in Patagonia

Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Gandolfo, María A.; Zamaloa, María del Carmen

doi:10.3732/ajb.1200025

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…As with the conifers, the predominant survival pattern for ferns and angiosperms in the Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú floras is East Gondwanan (Romero and Hickey, 1976; Zamaloa et al, 2006; Gandolfo et al, 2011; Hermsen et al, 2012; Carvalho et al, 2013; Knight and Wilf, 2013; Carpenter et al, 2014; Kooyman et al, 2014; Gandolfo and Hermsen, 2017). However, a few angiosperm taxa have been described with modern biogeographic affinities outside of Australasia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fossil flip‐leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America

Wilf

Donovan

Cúneo

et al. 2017

American J of Botany

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Retrophyllum is considerably older than previously thought and is a survivor of the end-Cretaceous extinction. Much of the characteristic foliar variation and pollen-cone morphology of the genus evolved by the early Eocene. The mixed biogeographic signal of R. spiralifolium supports vicariance and represents a rare Neotropical connection for terminal-Gondwanan Patagonia, which is predominantly linked to extant Australasian floras due to South American extinctions. The leaf morphology of the fossils suggests significant drought vulnerability as in living Retrophyllum, indicating humid paleoenvironments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fossil flip‐leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America

Wilf

Donovan

Cúneo

et al. 2017

American J of Botany

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“…Basal (noneudicot) angiosperms include leaves of the primarily Gondwanan families Atherospermataceae and Monimiaceae that are most similar to the living Australian genera Daphnandra and Wilkiea , respectively ( Berry, 1935c ;Knight and Wilf, 2013 ). Eudicots include the iconically Australian Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae; Gandolfo et al, 2011 ;Hermsen et al, 2012 ), thought to represent colonization of volcanically deforested areas adjacent to standing rainforest; Akania (Akaniaceae, Australia; Romero and Hickey, 1976 ;Gandolfo et al, 1988 ); three species of Gymnostoma (Casuarinaceae; Malesia, Australia, Southeast Asia; Zamaloa et al, 2006 ); several Cunoniaceae, including fruits likely to represent Weinmannia (Andes, New Zealand, Malesia, Madagascar) and Ceratopetalum (Australia and New Guinea; Gandolfo and Hermsen, 2012 ); and diverse Proteaceae, including Orites (Australia, South America; González et al, 2007 ). It is noteworthy that no genus currently endemic to the Americas has so far been verifi ed at Laguna del Hunco or Río Pichileufú.…”

Section: Laguna Del Hunco and Río Pichileufú -mentioning

confidence: 99%

First South AmericanAgathis(Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia

Wilf

Escapa

Cúneo

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

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Agathis zamunerae sp. nov. demonstrates the presence of modern-aspect Agathis by 52.2 mya and vastly increases the early range and possible areas of origin of the genus. The revision from Zamia breaks another link between the Eocene and living floras of South America. Agathis was a dominant, keystone element of the Patagonian Eocene floras, alongside numerous other plant taxa that still associate with it in Australasia and Southeast Asia. Agathis extinction in South America was an integral part of the transformation of Patagonian biomes over millions of years, but the living species are disappearing from their ranges at a far greater rate.

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“…) being grown around the world as sources of timber and fibre (Eldridge et al 1993;Grattapaglia et al 2012). Eucalypts are considered Gondwanan in origin (Crisp et al 2011;Gandolfo et al 2011;Hermsen et al 2012;Thornhill and Macphail 2012), forming a minor part of Tertiary Australian rainforests (Hill 1994;Hager and Benson 2010). Macrofossil evidence suggests that the distribution of eucalypts expanded in response to increasing aridity during the Miocene, and pollen evidence indicates that they became widespread only in the Pleistocene (5-1.5 million years ago; Pole et al 1993;Rozefelds 1996;Potts and Pederick 2000;Macphail 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics of the green ash eucalypts (Myrtaceae): a tale of reticulate evolution and misidentification

Rutherford¹,

Wilson²,

Rossetto³

et al. 2015

Aust. Systematic Bot.

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Abstract. Eucalyptus is a genus that occurs in a range of habitats in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Timor, Sulawesi and the Philippines, with several species being used as sources of timber and fibre. However, despite its ecological and commercial significance, understanding its evolutionary history remains a challenge. The focus of the present study is the green ashes (subgenus Eucalyptus section Eucalyptus). Although previous studies, based primarily on morphology, suggest that the green ashes form a monophyletic group, there has been disagreement concerning the divergence of taxa. The present study aims to estimate the phylogeny of the green ashes and closely related eucalypts (37 taxa from over 50 locations in south-eastern Australia), using genome-wide analyses based on Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT). Results of analyses were similar in topology and consistent with previous phylogenies based on sequence data. Many of the relationships supported those proposed by earlier workers. However, other relationships, particularly of taxa within the Sydney region and Blue Mountains, were not consistent with previous classifications. These findings raise important questions concerning how we define species and discern relationships in Eucalyptus and may have implications for other plant species, particularly those with a complex evolutionary history where hybridisation and recombination have occurred.

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The fossil record of Eucalyptus in Patagonia

Cited by 59 publications

References 81 publications

The fossil flip‐leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America

The fossil flip‐leaves (Retrophyllum, Podocarpaceae) of southern South America

First South AmericanAgathis(Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia

Phylogenomics of the green ash eucalypts (Myrtaceae): a tale of reticulate evolution and misidentification

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