This chapter reviews the historical interactions between Computational Intelligence (CI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the emergence of Society 5.0, starting with the evolution of AI alongside CI advancements. It explores Society 5.0's vision of a technologically advanced, human-centered society and examines AI and CI's profound impacts on socio-economic systems through early implementations in various disciplines. The chapter highlights significant technological milestones, discusses ethical and societal implications, and explores future directions and opportunities for AI and CI within Society 5.0. It provides insights for academics, decision-makers, and practitioners on the complex interactions between technology and society, offering a comprehensive look at the foundations and future of AI, CI, and Society 5.0.