The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of Nas of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude Is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century

Konovalenko, O. O.; Захаренко, В. В.; Lytvynenko, Leonid M.; Ulyanov, O. M.; Sidorchuk, M. A.; Stepkin, S. V.; Шепелев, В. А.; Zarka, Philippe; Rücker, H. O.; Lecacheux, A.; Panchenko, M.; Bruck, Yu. M.; Tokarsky, P. L.; Bubnov, I. N.; Yerin, S. N.; Koliadin, V. L.; Melnik, V. N.; Kalinichenko, Mykola; Stanislavsky, O. O.; Dorovskyy, V. V.; Khristenko, O. D.; Шевченко, В. В.; Belov, O. S.; Gridin, A. O.; Antonov, O. V.; Bovkun, V. P.; Reznichenko, O. M.; Bortsov, V. V.; Kvasov, G. V.; Ostapchenko, L. M.; Shevchuk, N. V.; Shevchenko, V. A.; Yatskiv, Ya. S.; Vavilova, I. B.; Braude, I. S.; Shkuratov, Yuriy; Ryabov, V. B.; Pidgorny, G. I.; Tymoshevsky, A. G.; Lytvynenko, O. O.; Galanin, V. V.; Ryabov, M. I.; Браженко, А. И.; Vashchishin, R. V.; Frantsuzenko, A. V.; Koshovyy, V.; Ivantyshyn, O.; Lozinsky, A.; Kharchenko, B. S.; Vasylieva, I. Y.; Kravtsov, I. P.; Vasylkivsky, Y. V.; Litvinenko, G. V.; Mukha, D. V.; Vasylenko, N. V.; Shevtsova, A. I.; Miroshnichenko, A. P.; Kuhai, Nataliia; Sobolev, Ya. M.; Tsvyk, N. A.

doi:10.15407/rpra26.01.005

Radio phys. radio astron.

2021

DOI: 10.15407/rpra26.01.005

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The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of Nas of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude Is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century

O. O. Konovalenko¹,

В. В. Захаренко²,

Leonid M. Lytvynenko³

et al.

Abstract: Purpose: A historical review of the experimental baselopment of low-frequency radio astronomy in Ukraine, its foundation half a century ago by an outstanding scientist S.Ya. Braude to the current state. Design/methodology/approach: The constant progress of electronic, computer and digital technologies, information and telecommunication technologies, theory and practice of antenna and receiving systems design, which introduction enriched the hardware and methodological ideology of construction and usage of the… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

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Participation of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory and its staff in the Soviet Space Program in 1960-ies

Balyshev¹,

Koval²

2021

Kosm. nauka tehnol.

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The article is devoted to the studying of documentary facts on the history of astronomy of the 1960s. Its purpose is to highlight the events related to the participation of the Kharkiv astronomical observatory in the Soviet space program in a certain period. The chronology of involvement of Kharkiv astronomers in programs on development and functioning of objects «V-67», «Е-7», «Е-8», «L-3», «М-69», creation of artificial Lunodrome, processing of photographic materials, that were obtained by spacecraft «Lunar orbiter 2», «Ranger 7», «Surveyor 1», «Luna-9», «Luna-12», «Luna-13», and «Zond-3» are considered. The directions of scientific research in projects «Altai», «Atlas», «Luks», and others of the Astronomical observatory of O.M. Gorky Kharkiv State University are analyzed. The main tasks that the Kharkiv astronomical observatory carried out in the 1960s were found next: photometric studies of details on the reverse side of the Moon; study of the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the lunar soil and its optical properties; photometric analysis of certain areas of the lunar surface; photometric calculations necessary for the design of orientation systems of automatic interplanetary stations; study of the luminosity of the lunar surface. The retro-information resources, which were firstly involved into consideration, provided a chronological sequence of events related to the participation of the University observatory in the development and functioning of artificial space objects during the given period. These resources helped to specify the achievements of Kharkiv astronomers in the Soviet program of space exploration and to prove (or clarify) some little-known facts.

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Participation of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory and its staff in the Soviet Space Program in 1960-ies

Balyshev¹,

Koval²

2021

Kosm. nauka tehnol.

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Sporadic Radio Emission of Space Objects at Low-Frequencies

Захаренко

Ryabov

Kravtsov

et al. 2021

Radio phys. radio astron.

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Purpose: The results of studies of sporadic radio emission of several types of space radio sources, including neutron stars and planets of the Solar System, are presented. The aim of this work is to review the latest achievements in the study of low-frequency radio emission of the Solar System planets and transient signals similar to pulsar pulses using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The importance of the development of the verification methods of the spaceborne radio emission in the study of sporadic signals from various sources is shown. Design/methodology/approach: The studies of sporadic signals of different nature are based on the common set of procedures for cleaning records from the terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) in the frequency-time pattern using the information on the nature of the particular type of sporadic radio emission, possible types of interference and signal distortion. Characteristic features of sporadic radio emission of different sources are given, and for each of them the optimal method of signal extraction is developed. The efficiency of the developed procedures for cleaning from noise using adjustable parameters is shown. This is done on the basis of observations of diverse types of space radio sources, such as lightnings in the atmospheres of planets, single pulses of neutron stars and sporadic radio emission of Jupiter. Findings: The developed methods of signal extraction detection in the presence of radio-interference have allowed obtaining the unique results such as: the distribution of the total intensity of single pulses of neutron stars depending on the galactic latitude; the automatic search of lightnings in the Saturn’s atmosphere in data due to the carefully elaborated RFI mitigation procedures, which made it possible to obtain the Saturn electrostatic discharge (SED) emission parameters based on the most complete set of events. Increased efficiency of the selection of Jupiter’s S-radiation signals despite the data corruption by the presence of radio-interference, which was reached due to the carefully chosen parameters of data cleaning procedures, have allowed us to detect short and intensive bursts, being the most informative for determining the physical parameters of radio emission in the area of their generation. Conclusions: The large effective area and high sensitivity of the UTR-2 radio telescope allow making the sporadic radio emission study with high temporal and frequency resolutions. Due to these factors we can apply a wide range of methods of space signals’ detection in the presence of terrestrial radio-frequency interference of natural and artificial origin. The data cleaning parameters allow accounting for the characteristic features of space signals and to obtain important and even unique scientific results. Key words: decameter wavelength range; UTR-2; sporadic radio emission; transients; lightning in the atmospheres of planets; Jupiter S-bursts

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History of Low-Frequency Research of Pulsars

Ulyanov

2021

Radio phys. radio astron.

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Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of these studies have been changing over time, which tasks have finally been solved, and which are still waiting to be solved. It is shown how the ongoing modernization of the UTR-2 radio telescope have allowed to acquire new qualities in astrophysical research being made with this radio telescope and to identify new scientific directions. The example of the cited references shows how the pulsar research efforts in Ukraine have been developed and how they were integrated into the world astrophysical research of these unique objects. The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the past and the present on the example of pulsars for longer than a semi-centennial period and to show how the scientific problems that were formulated in the past, and which could not be solved under the then-existing technical conditions, were solved by the subsequent generations of researchers. Design/methodology/approach: The methods of comparison and historical parallels show how the low-frequency studies of pulsars have been developed and evolved almost from their discovery until now. Findings: It is shown how quantitative transformations and technical development, as well as non-standard scientific approaches, unhackneyed thought and international cooperation allow to solve complex radio astronomical problems related to the low-frequency studies of pulsars. Conclusions: The paper provides a historical overview of more than half a century-long radio astronomical studies of pulsars, having been and still being made at the decameter band using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The “old” and current priorities in pulsar research are given, and it is shown how qualitatively the technical parameters of back end facility and computer performance have been changed in studying the coherent pulsar radio emission nature. Key words: aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescope

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The Founder of the Decameter Radio Astronomy in Ukraine Academician of Nas of Ukraine Semen Yakovych Braude Is 110 Years Old: History of Creation and Development of the National Experimental Base for the Last Half Century

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Participation of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory and its staff in the Soviet Space Program in 1960-ies

Participation of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory and its staff in the Soviet Space Program in 1960-ies

Sporadic Radio Emission of Space Objects at Low-Frequencies

History of Low-Frequency Research of Pulsars

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