The four stages of grain growth

Simpson, Christopher J.; Aust, K.T.; Winegard, W. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02664229

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For monomineralic rocks and materials, constant normal grain growth is described by equation 1 (Simpson et al 1971;Poirier and Guillopé 1979;Olgaard and Evans 1986):…”

Section: Basics Of Grain Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the aforementioned experiments, four stages of grain-size evolution can be distinguished (Andrade and Aboav 1966;Simpson, et al 1971;Olgaard and Evans 1988): a first stage (I) comprises densification of the aggregate and the processes of initial recrystallization, in which specifically the combination of internally stored strain and surface energy of a grain represent the driving forces during fast grain growth (see Fig. 1 in Olgaard and Evans 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, type, amount, dispersion, and physical properties of second phases determine grain growth and the physical properties of a rock. Initially, research on grain growth behaviour and grain scale processes was experimentally conducted in the field of material sciences on monomineralic metals (e.g., Andrade and Aboav 1966;Simpson et al 1971) as well as on two-phase metallic systems and alloys (Smith 1948;Dai et al 1999;Ferry et al 2005). Meanwhile, experimental approaches are expanded by numerical modelling (Jessell et al 2001(Jessell et al , 2003Solomatov et al 2002;Moelans et al 2005;El-Khozondar et al 2006;Zheng et al 2006;Becker et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different second-phase particle regimes on grain growth in two-phase aggregates: insights from in situ rock analogue experiments

Brodhag

Herwegh

2009

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rigid second phases on grain growth of a matrix phase. For this purpose, variable mixtures of norcamphor as the matrix phase, with glass beads (0.08-0.51 volume fraction) as second phase, were used to perform see-through rock-analogue experiments under static conditions at constant temperatures (50°C). Irrespective of the second-phase content, grain-size evolution of all mixtures can be subdivided into a stage of continuous grain growth, a transient stage and a stage of a finally stabilized grain size. On the grain-scale, the second phases affect the migrating grain boundaries either by pinning by single particles, by multiple particles or even by particle clusters. Summed up over the entire aggregate, these pinning regimes affect the average bulk grain size of the matrix grains, such that the changes in matrix grain size directly correlate with the amount of second phases, their dispersion and their degree of clustering. In this way, the matrix grain size decreases with increasing second-phase content, which can be expressed as a Zener relationship. Originating from the modification of an ordinary grain growth law, a new mathematical expression is defined, which allows the calculation of changes in the matrix grain size as a function of different second-phase volume fractions and particle sizes. Such models will be helpful in the future to predict microstructural changes in polymineralic rocks at depth.

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“…For monomineralic rocks and materials, constant normal grain growth is described by equation 1 (Simpson et al 1971;Poirier and Guillopé 1979;Olgaard and Evans 1986):…”

Section: Basics Of Grain Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of different second-phase particle regimes on grain growth in two-phase aggregates: insights from in situ rock analogue experiments

Brodhag

Herwegh

2009

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…Now, the grain-growth kinetic data for the investigated alloy is discussed in comparison to the data for other metals and alloys. For pure metals, the ideal grain growth exponent, n is 0.5 [26]. The lower n values (n=0.067-0.206) of the investigated superalloy as compared to those for pure metals (n=0.5) indicate that the grain growth process in the superalloy is highly restricted due to the solute drag effect on grain-boundary migration [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower n values (n=0.067-0.206) of the investigated superalloy as compared to those for pure metals (n=0.5) indicate that the grain growth process in the superalloy is highly restricted due to the solute drag effect on grain-boundary migration [22]. Additionally, n<0.4 is expected for a highly alloyed metal [26] and [27]. However, at high temperatures (here 1423-1473K), the n values have increased rapidly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Grain Growth in 718 Ni-Base Superalloy

Huda¹,

Zaharinie²,

Metselaar³

et al. 2014

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The Haynes R 718 Ni-base superalloy has been investigated by use of modern material characterization, metallographic and heat treatment equipment. Grain growth annealing experiments at temperatures in the range of 1050-1200• C (1323-1473K) for time durations in the range of 20 min-22h have been conducted. The kinetic equations and an Arrhenius-type equation have been applied to compute the grain-growth exponent n and the activation energy for grain growth, Q g , for the investigated alloy. The grain growth exponent, n, was computed to be in the range of 0.066-0.206; and the n values have been critically discussed in relation to the literature. The activation energy for grain growth, Q g , for the investigated alloy has been computed to be around 440 kJ/mol; and the Q g data for the investigated alloy has been compared with other metals and alloys and ceramics; and critically analyzed in relation to our results.Keywords: Nickel-base superalloy; microstructures; grain growth; kinetics; activation energy Nadstop na bazie niklu Haynes R 718 badano przy użyciu nowoczesnych urządzeń do charakterystyki materiałów, metalografii i obróbki cieplnej. Przeprowadzono badania wzrostu ziarna podczas wyżarzania w zakresie temperatur 1050-1200• C (1323-1473K) w czasie trwania od 20 minut do 22 godzin. Równania kinetyczne i równanie typu Arrheniusa zostały zastosowane do obliczania wykładnika wzrostu ziarna n oraz energii aktywacji wzrostu ziarna Q g , dla badanego stopu. Obliczona wartość wykładnika wzrostu ziarna n, mieści się w zakresie od 0,066 do 0,206 i została krytycznie przedyskutowana w odniesieniu do literatury. Obliczona energia aktywacji wzrostu ziaren Q g , wynosi dla badanego stopu na około 440 kJ/mol. Dane Q g dla badanego stopu porównywano z danymi dla innych metali, stopów i ceramiki oraz krytycznie analizowano w odniesieniu do naszych wyników.

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