The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Falkner, Bonita; Daniels, Stephen R.; Flynn, Joseph T.; Gidding, Samuel S.; Green, Lee A.; Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Lauer, Ronald M.; Morgenstern, Bruce Z.; Portman, Ronald J.; Prineas, Ronald J.; Rocchini, Albert P.; Rosner, Bernard; Sinaiko, Alan R.; Stettler, Nicolas; Urbina, Elaine M.; Roccella, Edward J.; Hoke, Tracey R.; Hunt, Carl E.; Pearson, Gail D.; Karimbakas, Joanne; Horton, Ann

doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.s2.555

Cited by 4,747 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 122 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

339

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Blood pressure was measured three times with an appropriate size cuff while the subjects were seated and the lowest measurement was used for analysis (18). All measurements were made by the same pediatrician.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects were classified as hypertensive if their systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure exceeded the 90th percentile for age and sex after adjustment for height (18). The degree of hypertension was evaluated by the difference between the systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured in one subject and the 90th percentile for age and sex after adjustment for height.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Arrigo

Chirico

Salpietro

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays a key role in inflammation and immunostimulatory and chemotactic processes. The aim of the study was to assess the role of HMGB1 in obese children and to evaluate its diagnostic profile in identifying childhood obesity-related complications, such as the metabolic syndrome (MS). Patients and methods: Sixty obese children were enrolled and compared with 40 healthy children (control). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, thyroid hormones, and pro-and anti-inflammatory peptides such as C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL6), IL18, IL23, TNFa, resistin, and HMGB1 were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was employed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for HMGB1, IL6, and adiponectin to find the best cutoff values capable of identifying MS in obese children. Results: HMGB1 levels were statistically higher in obese patients than in the control group (19.4G6.8 vs 3.7G1.2 ng/ml; P!0.0001). In obese patients, IL18, IL6, and resistin levels were significantly high, while adiponectin levels were low. At multivariate analysis, HMGB1 was found to be independently correlated with BMI, IL23, IL6, free triiodothyronine, HDL, and HOMA-IR. At ROC analysis, HMGB1 showed higher sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0. 992; sensitivity, 94.7%; specificity, 97.5%) than IL6 and adiponectin in identifying MS in obese children. Conclusion: HMGB1 plays an important role in the inflammatory process associated with childhood obesity. This peptide may be an important diagnostic marker for obesity-related complications, such as MS.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Arrigo

Chirico

Salpietro

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the guidelines that are adjusted based on age, gender, and height, if the average of three measurements of systolic or diastolic blood pressure was equal or above 95% to 99%, it was considered as hypertension and if the average of three measurements of systolic or diastolic blood pressure was above 90% but less than 95%, it was considered as prehypertension, and blood pressure less than 90% was considered as normal blood pressure. The teens whose blood pressure was equal to or higher than 120/80 but less than 95% were considered to have prehypertension (18).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Indices in the Prediction of Hypertension in Female Adolescents

Abbaszadeh

Sarafraz

Atrian

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Identifying the best marker for appropriate screening of risk factors of chronic diseases seems necessary in any society. Objectives: This study aimed at performing a comparative evaluation of anthropometric indices to determine a better marker for prediction of high blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done during 2013 on 1046 students, aged 11 to 19 year old in Kashan, who were chosen by cluster and class sampling method. Height, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-high ratio (WHtR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the subjects were measured. Blood pressure of all subjects, who had their blood pressures measured during the first visit, was measured during the second and third visit again, and the three measured blood pressure averages was considered as subjects' blood pressure. Results: This study showed a significant positive correlation between BP and body mass index (BMI), WC, WHR, and WHtR indices (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed. Area under the curve (AUC) was obtained for BMI (0.62 to 0.73), WC (0.67 to 0.76), WHR (0.57 to 0.67), and WHtR (0.63 to 0.77) in diastolic blood pressure and BMI (0.66 to 0.76), WC (0.68 to 0.78), WHR (0.57 to 0.67) and WHtR (0.67 to 0.77) in systolic blood pressure. The WHtR in adolescents had better distinguishing power than other anthropometric indices. Conclusions: The WHtR, as a relatively simple, inexpensive, and convenient measurement method is the best anthropometric index for determination of blood pressure in these subjects.

show abstract

“…Blood pressure (BP) was measured in triplicate with the Critikon Dinamap 8100 automatic system, with an appropriate sized cuff and after at least 10 min resting in supine position. Lowest BP was chosen and was evaluated using the percentiles of International Task Force for BP (21).…”

Section: Baseline Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight loss in prepubertal obese children is associated with a decrease in adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein without changes in lipocalin-2: a 2-year longitudinal study

Corripio¹,

González-Clemente²,

Pérez‐Sánchez³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Lipocalin-2 and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP or FABP4) are adipokines potentially involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults. In children, they have been scarcely studied. Objective: To analyze lipocalin-2 and A-FABP circulating levels before and after 2 years of a dieting and lifestyle intervention in a prepubertal obese cohort. Design and setting: Case-control study with a prospective follow-up of cases for 2 years in our referral pediatric endocrine outpatient center. Patients and methods: Seventy-three prepubertal obese children, 8.03G1.08-years old, and 47 age-and gender-matched lean controls were studied. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting oral glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, lipocalin-2, and A-FABP were evaluated. Weight loss was considered if z-score body mass index (BMI) decreased at least 0.5 S.D. Results: At baseline, lipocalin-2 and A-FABP were higher in prepubertal obese children than those in lean controls (P!0.001). A-FABP showed a gradual increase, according to the obesity degree (r 2 Z0.632; P!0.001). After 2 years, obese patients who lost weight showed a decrease in A-FABP (a mean 2% reduction in BMI was associated with a mean 29% decrease in A-FABP (P!0.001)) without changes in lipocalin-2 levels. Regression model analysis adjusted by age, sex, BMI, and HOMA showed that A-FABP was lower in males (bZK5.77 (CI 95%: K9.7; K1.84)) and was modified by BMI (bZ2.7 (CI 95%: 1.77-3.62), r 2 Z0.659). Lipocalin-2 was not modified by any of these variables. Conclusions: Prepubertal obese children show high plasma lipocalin-2 and A-FABP levels, but only A-FABP is influenced by weight loss.

show abstract

The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 4,747 publications

References 122 publications

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

High-mobility group protein B1: a new biomarker of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Anthropometric Indices in the Prediction of Hypertension in Female Adolescents

Weight loss in prepubertal obese children is associated with a decrease in adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein without changes in lipocalin-2: a 2-year longitudinal study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About