The Fracture of Glass: Past, Present, and Future

Freiman, Stephen W.

doi:10.1111/j.2041-1294.2012.00091.x

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(128 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, a quantitative description of the underlying mechanisms of crack propagation, critical to the further development of crack-resistant glasses, is presently unavailable (Wondraczek et al, 2011;Freiman, 2012). This is largely due to the fundamental nature of cracking as it occurs in the broad group of brittle oxides, and especially in glassy silicates: crack propagation reflects a complex and, as of yet, not fully understood interplay of chemical and physical interactions (Ciccotti, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrization in Models of Subcritical Glass Fracture: Activation Offset and Concerted Activation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are two established but fundamentally different empirical approaches to parametrize the rate of subcritical fracture in brittle materials. While both are relying on a thermally activated reaction of bond rupture, the difference lies in the way as to how the externally applied stresses affect the local energy landscape. In the consideration of inorganic glasses, the strain energy is typically taken as an offset on the activation barrier. As an alternative interpretation, the system's volumetric strain energy is added to its thermal energy. Such an interpretation is consistent with the democratic fiber bundle model. Here, we test this approach of concerted activation against macroscopic data of bond cleavage activation energy, and also against ab initio quantum chemical simulation of the energy barrier for cracking in silica. The fact that both models are able to reproduce experimental observation to a remarkable degree highlights the importance of a holistic consideration toward non-empirical understanding.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrization in Models of Subcritical Glass Fracture: Activation Offset and Concerted Activation

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Scientists also evidence that the environ mental pH alters the glass' stress corrosion cracking behavior [12,69]. As pointed out above, several reviews address these topics [4,150]. Despite extensive research, there is a distinct lack of systematic studies concerning the relationship between the chemical composition of glasses and the stress corrosion cracking behavior.…”

Section: Presentation Of Sbn Stress Corrosion Cracking Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress to understand stress corrosion cracking in sodium borosilicate glasses: linking the chemical composition to structural, physical and fracture properties

Rountree¹

2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Recent IntroductionOxide glasses are among the oldest industrial materials known to man, and they are widely used due to their advantageous properties: transparency, low thermal expansion, high melting point temperature, relative inertness, etc. Yet, oxide glasses are not without significant shortcomings. In par ticular, they remain inherently brittle, despite significant scientific ingenuity to overcome this drawback. Moreover, they undergo abrupt catastrophic failure. Frequently, post-mortem failure studies reveal material flaws which were propagating via stress corrosion cracking. Understanding and predicting the growth of such flaws under sub-critical crack propagation remains a hurdle for scientists. Furthermore, how the basic glass network (i.e. the interconnect of the glass structure) dictates the physical, mechanical and stress corrosion cracking AbstractThis topical review is dedicated to understanding stress corrosion cracking in oxide glasses and specifically the SiO 2 B 2 O 3 Na 2 O (SBN) ternary glass systems. Many review papers already exist on the topic of stress corrosion cracking in complex oxide glasses or overly simplified glasses (pure silica). These papers look at how systematically controlling environmental factors (pH, temperature...) alter stress corrosion cracking, while maintaining the same type of glass sample. Many questions still exist, including: What sets the environmental limit? What sets the velocity versus stress intensity factor in the slow stress corrosion regime (Region I)? Can researchers optimize these two effects to enhance a glass' resistance to failure? To help answer these questions, this review takes a different approach. It looks at how systemically controlling the glass' chemical composition alters the structure and physical properties. These changes are then compared and contrasted to the fracture toughness and the stress corrosion cracking properties. By taking this holistic approach, researchers can begin to understand the controlling factors in stress corrosion cracking and how to optimize glasses via the initial chemical composition.

show abstract

“…A similar interstitial network modifier is sodium, for which some data relating concentration and glass strength exists. Investigated by Kennedy et al [19] and summarised by Freiman [20], it was found that increasing the concentration of sodium in silica glass produced an increase in fracture toughness. It was postulated that this may be related to changes in straining or bending of Si-O bonds, thus influencing the size of a so-called process zone near the crack tip where elastic fracture mechanics may no longer apply.…”

Section: Chemical Surface Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres

Jenkins

Yang

Thomason

et al. 2019

Fibers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of analytical techniques were applied to investigate changes to the surface of unsized boron-free E-glass fibres after thermal conditioning at temperatures up to 700 °C. Novel systematic studies were carried out to investigate the fundamental strength loss from thermal conditioning. Surface chemical changes studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a consistent increase in the surface concentration of calcium with increasing conditioning temperature, although this did not correlate well with a loss of fibre strength. Scanning electron microscopy fractography confirmed the difficulty of analysing failure-inducing flaws on individual fibre fracture surfaces. Analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) did not reveal any likely surface cracks or flaws of significant dimensions to cause failure: the observation of cracks before fibre fracture may not be possible when using this technique. Fibre surface roughness increased over the whole range of the conditioning temperatures investigated. Although surface roughness did not correlate precisely with fibre strength, there was a clear inverse relationship at temperatures exceeding 400 °C. The interpretation of the surface topography that formed between 400–700 °C produced evidence that the initial stage of phase separation by spinodal decomposition may have occurred at the fibre surface.

show abstract

The Fracture of Glass: Past, Present, and Future

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Parametrization in Models of Subcritical Glass Fracture: Activation Offset and Concerted Activation

Parametrization in Models of Subcritical Glass Fracture: Activation Offset and Concerted Activation

Recent progress to understand stress corrosion cracking in sodium borosilicate glasses: linking the chemical composition to structural, physical and fracture properties

Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About