What's in a Single? Roman Antiquity and a Comparative World Approach* Christian Laes A 'Marriage' between Philology and Social History Raised in the rich and established tradition of Altertumswissenschaft, classicists and ancient historians are used to working with concepts and terms, the exact definition of which can be traced down by means of encyclopaedias, lexica and dictionaries. Rem tene, verba sequentur. Only after having searched for accurate definitions can one safely proceed with the research topic. In such a context, the very first thing to do in a volume on The Single Life in the Roman and Later Roman World would be to look for what is meant precisely when we use the word 'single', then to search for Greek and Latin terms matching this definition (and in a comparative perspective also words in other well attested languages of the ancient Mediterranean such as Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic), and finally to carefully study the text fragments where such words show up. Though this task may appear both manageable and straightforward, things are not as simple as they appear at first sight. First, the present-day concept. There is at least a certain ambiguity in the use of terms. Derived from the Old French sengle, which in its turn stems from the Latin singuli, the word 'single' refers to a person not married, or not having an exclusive relationship with someone. Nowadays, most Germanic languages have taken over the English term, while words such as alleinstehend (German) or alleenstaand (Dutch) connote the condition of living alone or even loneliness. Indeed, the word 'single' has become increasingly popular as an untranslated term in many languages. * I am most grateful to John Martens (University of St Thomas-Minnesota) for his careful reading and improving of my English text. It would make little sense to encumber this chapter with references to dictionaries for each language concerned. Suffice it to notice that I have made use of well-established dictionaries for each language concerned. For Arabic, Aramaic and Hebrew, I kindly acknowledge the help of Malika Dekkiche