The free-living inland aquatic nematodes of Africa — a review

Jacobs, Ludo J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3612-1_25

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The marine biotopes around the British Isles, for example, harbour 41 nematode families with 450 genera (Platt & Warwick, 1983 and in Ko È nigssee, an oligotrophic lake in Germany, 36 families and 120 species were found (Traunspurger, 1996a,b). Jacobs (1984) listed 117 genera and 327 species of freshwater nematodes from Africa and Esser & Buckingham (1987) listed 133 genera and 160 species from North American freshwaters. Jacobs (1984) listed 117 genera and 327 species of freshwater nematodes from Africa and Esser & Buckingham (1987) listed 133 genera and 160 species from North American freshwaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and ecology of lotic nematodes

Traunspurger

2000

Freshwater Biology

112

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Summary Morphological structures for identifying freshwater nematodes, e.g. buccal cavity, sensory receptors, oesophagus, reproductive organs and tail are described. Most freshwater nematodes belong to the Adenophorea and are characterised by the presence of setae, adhesive glands and conspicuous amphids. Methods for collecting nematodes from the sediments of running water (e.g. corer, pumps), within plants and aufwuchs are listed. Methods for fixation, extracting and preparing nematodes for identification are described. Life history parameters (e.g. generation time, eggs per female) are not available for lotic nematodes but are summarised for free‐living nematodes in soil, lakes and seas. Field studies indicate that, in contrast to laboratory experiments with nematode cultures, many species will have a generation time of several months. Abundance and species diversity of nematodes of lotic habitats are provided; more than 100 nematode species inhabit lotic habitats and densities can reach 230 individuals per ml. Links between meiobenthic nematodes and the micro‐ and macrobenthos are unclear at present. Evidence such as the increased bacterial activity due to nematode grazing suggests that such interactions may be significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and ecology of lotic nematodes

Traunspurger

2000

Freshwater Biology

112

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“…Although the Rhabditida were not collected in this survey, phoretic relationships with insects have also been described for other nematodes (Bongers, ; Poinar, ). Furthermore, nematodes can also be transported by birds in their gut contents (Frisch, Green, & Figuerola, ), which indicates the importance of digestive‐resistant forms of nematodes, as suggested by Jacobs (). In fact, the most likely hypothesis for the presence of cosmopolitan freshwater nematode species in the Galápagos Islands is through very occasional bird‐mediated transport (Abebe & Coomans, ; Muschiol & Traunspurger, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Thus their distribution reflects mostly dispersal, colonization and local extinction stochastic dynamics within a region of fragment habitats. For instance, Dorylaimus stagnalis Dujardin and Plectus cirratus Bastian are widespread in Africa, where both species have been found in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, the former also even in plankton samples and thermal springs (Jacobs, ). Indeed, both species are common also in the high‐altitude lakes of the Alps (Michiels & Traunspurger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(de Mendoza & Catalan, ), with other invertebrate groups, also collected during the same survey, such as oligochaetes and insects, for which the altitudinal environmental gradient is highly relevant (Collado & de Mendoza, ; de Mendoza & Catalan, ). Because the altitudinal environmental gradient strongly affects oligochaete and insect species distributions, and previous studies indicate that some nematode species are widely tolerant of environmental changes (Jacobs, ; Michiels & Traunspurger, ), the environmental tolerance across altitude was expected to be higher for nematodes than for the other invertebrate groups. If this were so, any similarity of species richness patterns between nematodes and other groups could be interpreted as a consequence of similar spatial constraints in the metacommunity dynamics, rather than similar species‐environment relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nematode distributions as spatial null models for macroinvertebrate species richness across environmental gradients: A case from mountain lakes

Mendoza

Traunspurger

Palomo

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Nematode species are widely tolerant of environmental conditions and disperse passively. Therefore, the species richness distribution in this group might largely depend on the topological distribution of the habitats and main aerial and aquatic dispersal pathways connecting them. If so, the nematode species richness distributions may serve as null models for evaluating that of other groups more affected by environmental gradients. We investigated this hypothesis in lakes across an altitudinal gradient in the Pyrenees. We compared the altitudinal distribution, environmental tolerance, and species richness, of nematodes with that of three other invertebrate groups collected during the same sampling: oligochaetes, chironomids, and nonchironomid insects. We tested the altitudinal bias in distributions with t‐tests and the significance of narrow‐ranging altitudinal distributions with randomizations. We compared results between groups with Fisher's exact tests. We then explored the influence of environmental factors on species assemblages in all groups with redundancy analysis (RDA), using 28 environmental variables. And, finally, we analyzed species richness patterns across altitude with simple linear and quadratic regressions. Nematode species were rarely biased from random distributions (5% of species) in contrast with other groups (35%, 47%, and 50%, respectively). The altitudinal bias most often shifted toward low altitudes (85% of biased species). Nematodes showed a lower portion of narrow‐ranging species than any other group, and differed significantly from nonchironomid insects (10% and 43%, respectively). Environmental variables barely explained nematode assemblages (RDA adjusted R2 = 0.02), in contrast with other groups (0.13, 0.19 and 0.24). Despite these substantial differences in the response to environmental factors, species richness across altitude was unimodal, peaking at mid elevations, in all groups. This similarity indicates that the spatial distribution of lakes across altitude is a primary driver of invertebrate richness. Provided that nematodes are ubiquitous, their distribution offers potential null models to investigate species richness across environmental gradients in other ecosystem types and biogeographic regions.

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“…Distribution: Andra´ssy (1978) listed 605 species of freshwater nematodes in a checklist for European inland water, Jacobs (1984) listed 327 species of freshwater nematodes in Africa and Thorp & Covich (2001) estimated the number of freshwater nematodes in North American waters at about 300-500, but again the real numbers are expected to be much higher. Endemicity: Shoshin (1999) registered about 300 (mostly undescribed) species at only six near shore sampling localities in Southern Baikal.…”

Section: Phylum Nematodamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Biodiversity II

Segers¹,

Martens²

2005

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The free-living inland aquatic nematodes of Africa — a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

The biology and ecology of lotic nematodes

The biology and ecology of lotic nematodes

Nematode distributions as spatial null models for macroinvertebrate species richness across environmental gradients: A case from mountain lakes

Aquatic Biodiversity II

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