The Free Movement of Workers in an Enlarged European Union: Institutional Underpinnings of Economic Adjustment

Free versus regulated migration: Comparing the wages of the New Zealand‐born, other migrants and the Australia‐born workers in Australia

“…The unrestricted movement of labour between NZ and Australasia is not unique but is also found within the EU for EU citizens. However, with the difficulties posed by linguistic barriers, the recognition of qualifications and previous experience as well as the transferability of skills, social rights, health insurance, healthcare provisions and consumer rights, EU migrants may face additional barriers to employment, particularly those from new member states (Kahanec et al, 2014). Some EU member countries opened their labour markets to workers from new EU members, whereas others chose to apply transitional restrictions, according to a time frame that differs across EU members.…”

“…Some EU member countries opened their labour markets to workers from new EU members, whereas others chose to apply transitional restrictions, according to a time frame that differs across EU members. Furthermore, although there have been significant efforts to harmonise labour market institutions across EU member states, national borders still partition the EU into labour markets with different jurisdictions, regulatory frameworks and institutions and welfare systems (Kahanec et al, 2014). Within older EU member states, the barriers for migrants would be lower.…”

An Analysis of the Roma and Their Inclusion and Exclusion in Metropolitan Areas of Europe

“…Many Roma from this group have especially struggled, until January 2014 when this policy lifted to secure legal employment, which affected their ability to receive equal relationships in the housing market and accessible medical care (Castañeda, 2015). This was due to individual European Union states being given the option to apply restrictions to workers from the new Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the European Union for up to seven years, particularly those from Romania and Bulgaria, mainly due to the largest number of foreigners arriving from these two countries due to 'poverty migration', as pointed out by Castañeda (2015), Kahanec et al (2014) and Hanesch (2011).…”

An Analysis of the Roma and Their Inclusion and Exclusion in Metropolitan Areas of Europe

“…Many Roma from this group have especially struggled, until January 2014 when this policy lifted to secure legal employment, which affected their ability to receive equal relationships in the housing market and accessible medical care (Castañeda, 2015). This was due to individual European Union states being given the option to apply restrictions to workers from the new Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the European Union for up to seven years, particularly those from Romania and Bulgaria, mainly due to the largest number of foreigners arriving from these two countries due to 'poverty migration', as pointed out by Castañeda (2015), Kahanec et al (2014) and Hanesch (2011).…”