The Free Musculocutaneous Flap

Harii, Kiyonori; Ohmori, Kitaro; Sekiguchi, Junsuke

doi:10.1097/00006534-197603000-00003

Cited by 137 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In the literature there are only a few reports about free muscle flaps for reconstruction in the head and neck region. The gracilis flap as a free flap was first described by Harii et al 8 in 1976. Since then, the flap has proven its reliability in reconstructive surgery in a multitude of clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gracilis muscle flap for aesthetic reconstruction in the head and neck region

et al. 2005

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Microsurgical tissue transfer has constantly improved the therapeutic options for reconstruction in the head and neck region, but the ideal flap has yet to be found. The purpose of this study is to discuss the aesthetic potential of the free gracilis muscle flap in difficult head and neck reconstruction. We report our experience with the free gracilis muscle flap in seven patients who underwent reconstruction in the head and neck region for a variety of indications. In all seven patients, the transplanted muscle flaps healed well, with no flap loss. Postoperative complications consisted of skin-graft loss in one patient requiring a second split-thickness skin graft. Donor-site morbidity was minimal in all patients. For difficult reconstruction in the head and neck region, the free gracilis muscle flap offers a number of advantages, including reliable vascular anatomy, relatively great plasticity, and a concealed donor area. Thus this type of flap offers a valuable option whenever an aesthetically pleasing result is sought.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gracilis muscle flap for aesthetic reconstruction in the head and neck region

et al. 2005

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“…[3] In the same year Harii et al reported the first gracilis free flap for reconstruction of the head and neck and lower extremity. [4] Since the late seventies the gracilis myocutaneous flap has been used for soft tissue reconstruction of the breasts [5] , head and neck [6] , upper and lower extremity [7] and the genitoperineal region. [8] It has also been used as a free functioning muscle transfer for restoration of elbow flexion [9] , dynamic analplasty [10] and facial reanimation.…”

Section: Name and Address Of Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quantified Human Gracilis-A Guide to Improve Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes

Kaur¹,

Agnihotri²,

Sharma³

2015

Aanat

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Background: A functioning gracilis muscle is considered the ideal flap to improve the functional/aesthetic outcome with minimal donor site morbidity. This graceful and slender muscle with special attributes is increasingly being used for covering soft tissue defects, repair of urogenital fistulas and restoration of anal function. Only some studies describing the quantification of this muscle are available and population attributes of the muscle have not been taken into consideration. The present study quantifies the human gracilis muscle in a North Indian population. Methods: The morphometry of gracilis was studied in 50 inferior extremities obtained from 25 phenol embalmed adult North Indian cadavers with known age and sex. The length and width of the aponeurotic origin, the length of the muscle belly, length of the distal tendon of insertion were measured. The muscle, tendon ratios were derived. Results: The mean estimates for various morphological features of gracilius muscle were standardized for North Indians. All the origins and insertions for the muscle correlated with the standard textbook descriptions. No variation was found from a standard textbook pattern in the present sample. The reconstructive procedures should take the local population profile into consideration. Conclusion:The results will aid the clinician in choosing an appropriate muscle and tendon lengths in surgeries. This definitely will lead to better functional and aesthetic outcomes in restorative procedures.

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“…Free gracilis muscle flap was used for all patients [5,6], as it has an easy constant anatomy, reliable vascular pedicles (second minor pedicle arising from the superficial femoral artery), and minimal donor-site morbidity (concealed donor scar and no functional loss) [7,8]. In addition, all maneuvers were done by epidural regional analgesia with no need for general anesthesia.…”

Section: Surgical Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular single-refraction magnifying glasses for free flap surgery: a reliable method for developing countries

2012

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Although free flaps are gaining more popularity, the logistic reasons and slow training curve are still major obstacles, particularly in developing countries. Binocular magnification glasses seemed an appealing alternative to surgical microscopes and loupes. From May 2008 to December 2010, 16 gracilis free flaps were performed by five surgeons using binocular-magnifying eye glass in the Plastic Surgery Unit of Suez Canal University Hospital. Survival rate of the flaps was 100%. Only two patients (one smoker and one diabetic) had complications: partial flap loss with infection and hematoma. Both were treated conservatively. The main advantages of this magnification method were very low cost, availability, and short training period compared with a standard microsurgery training. Other advantages were the freedom of movement during operation, same orientation, wide field, adjustability of working distance, and permission of team work. The only inconvenience was the restriction of working distance, although longer or similar to that of loupes. We therefore recommend the use of this method in developing countries as well as relief and war field hospitals. Furthermore, these glasses seem to be of value in all surgeries needing magnification.

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The Free Musculocutaneous Flap

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

Gracilis muscle flap for aesthetic reconstruction in the head and neck region

Gracilis muscle flap for aesthetic reconstruction in the head and neck region

The Quantified Human Gracilis-A Guide to Improve Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes

Binocular single-refraction magnifying glasses for free flap surgery: a reliable method for developing countries

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