The Freeze-Drying of Lactic Acid Bacteria. A Review

Intracellular Accumulation of Trehalose Protects Lactococcus lactis from Freeze-Drying Damage and Bile Toxicity and Increases Gastric Acid Resistance

“…Because reduced viability in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a problem inherent in the use of L. lactis as a delivery vehicle (23,43), an oral pharmacological formulation was developed for this clinical study (20). Although this formulation, based on freeze-drying (9), protects L. lactis from the detrimental GI environment, it also significantly reduces viability of L. lactis (20,38). The addition of cryoprotectants and compatible solutes before freeze-drying has been reported to improve viability, but the effect remained marginal (38).…”

Survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus immobilized in .KAPPA.-carrageenan gel.

“…On the other hand, cell concentration could be effectively enhanced, and the survival and process efficiency could also be increased by the application of immobilized cells during operation (Champagne et al, 1994;Groboillot et al, 1994). Culture dehydration was normally carried out by freeze-drying which might bring about impairment to cells due to the freezing and succeeding treatment (Castro et al, 1996;Champagne et al, 1991;Heckly, 1978). This might also result in a decrease in culture survival during the subsequent storage (Bozoglu et al, 1987;Brennan et al, 1986).…”

Accelerated storage testing of freeze-dried and controlled low-temperature vacuum dehydrated Lactobacillus acidophilus.

“…Culture dehydration of L. acidophilus was normally performed by freeze-drying which might cause damage to cells owing to the freezing and subsequent drying treatment (Bozoglu and Gurakan, 1989;Champagne et al, 1991;Marth, 1973). The culture might be mixed with some protectants in order to improve survival during the drying process (Potts, 1994).…”