A questionnaire survey of nationalist attitudes of a nonrepresentative sample of 374 high school youth in Quebec and Belgium was conducted. Scales of political and cultural nationalism, constructed by factor analysis and interitem correlations, had satisfactory alpha reliability and concurrent validity. The effects of different kinds of status on nationalist attitudes were examined. Political nationalism was found related to ethnicity (ascribed status) and social class (achieved status), but not to the interaction of ethnicity and social class (status inconsistency). The relationship between bilingualism and nationalism was also explored. Bilingual fluency was associated with cultural, but not with political, nationalism. This paper reports a social psychological survey on the effects of social status (ascribed, achieved, and status inconsistency) and cognitive differences (bilingualism) on political and cultural nationalist attitudes of youth in two multiethnic societies.The survey was conducted in Quebec and Belgium because a common pattern discernable in their nationalist experiences rendered them ideal cases for a cross-national test of the proposed determinants of nationalist attitudes. A majority ethnic group (French Quebeckers; Flemings) originally was dominated by a minority ethnic group (English Quebeckers; Brusselers and Walloons). With industrialization, some of the subordinate group members began to rise in achieved (economic) but not ascribed (ethnic) status. And concomitantly, they seemed to manifest enhanced attachment, not to the central political system (Canada; Belgium), but to their own regional subsystem (Quebec; Flanders).The emphasis of this study was on hypothesis testing rather than on a description of population parameters. The aim was to test hypothesized AUTHOR'S NOTE: This article is based on a Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Michigan. I thank Dan Katz for his tutelage and the Foreign Area Fellowship Program and NSF for their research support.