The freshwater fished of the Kruger National Park

Pienaar, U. de V.

doi:10.4102/koedoe.v11i1.761

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…T. mossambica Peters) and T. rendalli (syn. T. melanopleura swierstrae Gilchrist et Thompson), for example, have largely similar habitat preferences and both are common prey of C. niloticus (see Branch 1994), T. rendalli was recorded more frequently from perennial rivers themselves, whereas O. mossambicus was found to be more common in pools of seasonal rivers and dams (Pienaar 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These crocodiles (18 males, 14 females) were examined as part of unrelated studies on their blood chemistry and disease ecology parameters, providing the rare opportunity to collect information on their pentastomid parasites. The six rivers from which crocodiles were sampled represent the two major river systems that drain the KNP, the Limpopo System to the north of the 24°15' latitude and the Incomati System to the south of it (Pienaar 1968). From north to south, the Levuvhu (number of crocodiles = 2), Shingwedzi (n = 5), Letaba (n = 2) and Olifants (n = 10) Rivers contribute to the Limpopo System, whereas the Sabie (n = 4) and Crocodile (n = 2) Rivers form part of the Incomati System.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From north to south, the Levuvhu (number of crocodiles = 2), Shingwedzi (n = 5), Letaba (n = 2) and Olifants (n = 10) Rivers contribute to the Limpopo System, whereas the Sabie (n = 4) and Crocodile (n = 2) Rivers form part of the Incomati System. Excepting the Shingwedzi, which is seasonal, but retains a number of permanent and semi-permanent pools along its length, these rivers Table 1. are perennial (Pienaar 1968). In addition, an impounded internal stream (Silolweni Dam; n = 2) and several permanent sedimentation dams of the Phalaborwa Mining Complex (PMC; n = 5) just outside the KNP, with crocodiles therein having migrated from either the Olifants or Selati Rivers, were sampled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pentastome assemblages of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

et al. 2016

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Thirty-two specimens of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), from the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and its vicinity were examined for pentastomid parasites during 1995 to 1999 and 2010 to 2011. Pentastomid parasites occurred throughout the year and were widespread in the study area with an overall prevalence of 97% and an overall mean abundance of 23.4 (0-81). Pentastome assemblages comprised six species in three sebekid genera: Alofia nilotici Riley et Huchzermeyer, 1995, A. simpsoni Riley, 1994, Leiperia cincinnalis Sambon, 1922, Sebekia cesarisi Giglioli in Sambon, 1922, S. minor (Wedl, 1861 and S. okavangoensis Riley et Huchzermeyer, 1995. The possible influence of host age, gender and geographic location (river system) on pentastome prevalence, abundance and species richness was investigated. Generally, neither host age, gender nor locality did affect infracommunities, likely because all hosts examined were adult or subadult and displayed comparable foraging behaviour, resulting in similar exposure pathways to fish intermediate hosts. Additionally, the longevity of pentastomids would contribute to accumulative infections as hosts mature. Structuring of pentastome assemblages was observed in as far as S. minor was the dominant species based on overall prevalence and abundance, followed by the equally common species S. cesarisi and L. cincinnalis. With an overall prevalence ranging from 34% to 41% and relatively low abundances, A. nilotici, A. simpsoni and S. okavangoensis form the rarer component of pentastome communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pentastome assemblages of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Annual rainfall varies from 750 mm in the south-west to 450 mm in the north-east, with 80% received during the summer months of October to March (Eckhardt et al, 2000). With the establishment of the Kruger National Park in 1898, animals concentrated during the dry season around five perennial rivers (Pienaar, 1970). Between these rivers only a few natural perennial water sources existed and most of the water sources were unreliable and depended on seasonal rainfall events (Pienaar, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the establishment of the Kruger National Park in 1898, animals concentrated during the dry season around five perennial rivers (Pienaar, 1970). Between these rivers only a few natural perennial water sources existed and most of the water sources were unreliable and depended on seasonal rainfall events (Pienaar, 1970). In the early 1930s, the Kruger National Park water stabilisation programme started, but gained particular momentum in the 1960s after fencing of the western boundary of the park, which blocked the migration routes of certain herbivores to this area that previously acted as dry season grazing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of toxigenic Microcystis strains after incidents of wild animal mortalities in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Oberholster

Myburgh

Govender

et al. 2009

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tThe eutrophic process potentially caused by a high urine and faecal load resulting from an unusually high hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) density in the Nhlanganzwane Dam, Kruger National Park, South Africa, triggered a chain of events characterised by an increase in the growth of primary producers (Microcystis aeruginosa). This increase in M. aeruginosa biomass was followed by biointoxication incidents in wild animals. In this study, we determine if a M. aeruginosa bloom with a total microcystin level of 23,718 mg l À1 have been responsible for mortalities of megaherbivores in the Nhlanganzwane Dam. We further use microcystin molecular markers derived from the mcy gene cluster to identify potentially toxigenic environmental Microcystis strains in the dam during the occurrence of animal intoxications. The estimated total microcystin-LR daily intake by an adult male white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) from cyanobacterial-contaminated water of the dam during the toxic event was an order of magnitude higher (754.29 mg kg À1 bw) in comparison with the lowest observed adverse effecting level (LOAEL) value measured for pigs in a previous study by other authors. In this study the presence of toxic cyanobacterial strains was confirmed with the use of molecular markers that detected the presence of the mcy gene cluster responsible for the production of toxin by M. aeruginosa.

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Conservation and management of the rivers of the Kruger National Park: Suggested methods for calculating instream flow needs

O’Keeffe

Davies

1991

Aquatic Conservation

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1.Six major river systems flow west to east across the Kruger National Park (South Africa). All arise outside the western boundary of the KNP, and are outside the jurisdiction of the Park authorities.2. Growing human populations to the west of the Park are placing increasing demands on the water resources of these rivers, and a variety of artificial changes threaten the ecological integrity of the rivers.3. As a result, the Luvuvhu and Letaba Rivers to the north no longer have a perennial flow, while the flow of the Crocodile River on the southern boundary of the Park has been regulated to a more constant regime due to irrigation demands. The Letaba, Olifants, and Crocodile Rivers all receive diverse pollutants. The Sabie River, at present the least disturbed system, and biologically the most diverse in South Africa, is threatened with multiple regulation within the next five years.4. The paper describes the development of initial protocols for the assessment of instream flow needs for the Luvuvhu and Sabie Rivers. These methods require an extension of existing methods developed in the USA to ensure the maintenance of ecological processes, rather than the maintenance of single target species.5. Two methods are described: one that identifies the consumptive and non-consumptive water requirements of the rivers, adding all consumptive to the limiting non-consumptive quantity to give a base-flow requirement.6. A second method uses a conservation status model to assess the ecological consequences of flow reductions generated through a hydrological model, in response to different impoundment conditions.7. Both methods are successful in appropriate circumstances, but we conclude that the proposed impoundment and agricultural development of the Sabie River, in particular, is an inappropriate use of this unique resource, and that the catchment would be more advantageously developed for tourism, recreation, and nature conservation.

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The freshwater fished of the Kruger National Park

Abstract: The freshwater fished of the Kruger National Par

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Pentastome assemblages of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Pentastome assemblages of the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Identification of toxigenic Microcystis strains after incidents of wild animal mortalities in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Conservation and management of the rivers of the Kruger National Park: Suggested methods for calculating instream flow needs

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