The FRITIOF model for very high energy hadronic collisions

Andersson, Bo; Gustafson, Gösta; Pi, Hong

doi:10.1007/bf01474343

Cited by 167 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In actual description of the soft processes, we employ the prescription adopted in the HIJING model 165) to treat soft excitation processes. In HIJING or FRITIOF, 166) excited strings after interaction have the same quark contents unlike the model based on Gribov-Regge models such as Dual Parton Models (DPM) 167) or the VENUS model. 168) In DPM or VENUS, strings typically have different quark content than original hadrons as a result of color exchange.…”

Section: String Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical modeling of high energy heavy ion collisions

Hirano

Nara

2012

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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We present theoretical approaches to high energy nuclear collisions in detail putting a special emphasis on technical aspects of numerical simulations. Models include relativistic hydrodynamics, Monte-Carlo implementation of kT -factorization formula, jet quenching in expanding fluids, a hadronic transport model and the Vlasov equation for colored particles. §1. IntroductionOne of the primary purposes of heavy ion physics at ultrarelativistic energies is to explore properties of strongly interacting matter at high temperature and densities, namely, the quark gluon plasma (QGP). 2), 3), 1) To this purpose, collider experiments of high energy pp, dA and AA collisions have been performed at both Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). It is of particular importance to comprehensively understand space-time evolution of matter created in high energy heavy ion collisions so that one can extract information on the detailed properties of matter from experimental data.High energy nuclear collisions contain rich physics and exhibit many aspects of dynamics according to relevant energy and time scales. Collisions of two energetic nuclei can be viewed as those of highly coherent dense gluons. Universal behaviors of hadrons and nuclei at the high energy limit are called the color glass condensate (CGC). 4) Just after the collision, longitudinal color electric and magnetic fields between the two passing nuclei, which is called color flux tubes, 5) are produced from CGC initial conditions. Subsequent evolution of these flux tubes is called "glasma". 6) Long range rapidity correlations in the glasma 7), 8), 9) provide a natural explanation for the ridge structure observed at RHIC 10), 11) and LHC. 12) It was pointed out that instabilities of the gluon fields could play a significant role in the process of thermalization. 13), 14), 15)A model based on k T -factorization formula 20), 21), 16), 17), 18), 19), 22), 24), 23) or classical Yang-Mills approach 25), 26) reproduces the multiplicity distribution for charged hadrons at RHIC and LHC. However, initial transverse energy per particle is large compared with the experimental data. 27), 26), 24) Glasma evolution based on a 2+1 dimensional classical Yang-Mills simulation does not account for elliptic flow data at RHIC. 28) These facts suggest the necessity of inclusion of further evolution with much stronger interaction, e.g., hydrodynamical evolution. Indeed, a nearly perfect fluid picture 29), 30), 31), 32), 33) turns out to explain large elliptic flow 34) observed at RHIC 35), 36), 37) and LHC, 38), 39), 40) which leads to establishment of a new paradigm typeset using PTPT E X.cls Ver.0.9

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Section: String Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical modeling of high energy heavy ion collisions

Hirano

Nara

2012

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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“…The high energy collisions -above √ s = 2.6 GeV for baryon-baryon collisions and √ s = 2.2 GeV for meson-baryon collisions -are described by the LUND string fragmentation model FRITIOF [39]. This aspect is similar to that used in the HSD approach [40,20,41,42] and the UrQMD model [43].…”

Section: Resonance Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of production in , and Be reactions at SIS energies

2001

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We study dilepton production from pp, pd and pBe collisions from 1 -5 GeV including the π 0 , η, ω and ∆ Dalitz decays, direct decays of vector mesons (ρ, ω) as well as subthreshold ρ production via baryonic resonances (e.g. D 13 (1520), P 11 (1710)). Our calculations compare rather well with the pp and pd data from the DLS Collaboration, however, overestimate slightly the 'old' pBe data from that group. Futhermore, detailed predictions for differential dilepton spectra at SIS energies are made with a high mass resolution that can be controlled experimentally by the HADES Collaboration in near future.

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“…In the HSD approach nucleons, ∆'s, N * (1440), N * (1535), Λ, Σ and Σ * hyperons, Ξ's, Ξ * 's and Ω's as well as their antiparticles are included on the baryonic side whereas the 0 − and 1 − octet states are included in the mesonic sector. High energy inelastic hadron-hadron collisions in HSD are described by the FRITIOF string model [18] whereas low energy hadron-hadron collisions are modeled based on experimental cross sections. Both transport approaches reproduce the nucleonnucleon, meson-nucleon and meson-meson cross section data in a wide kinematic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

Bratkovskaya

Bleicher

Dumitru

et al. 2004

Structure and Dynamics of Elementary Matter

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We investigate hadron production and transverse hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 A·GeV to 21.3 A·TeV within two independent transport approaches (UrQMD and HSD) based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The enhancement of pion production in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions relative to scaled pp collisions (the 'kink') is described well by both approaches without involving a phase transition. However, the maximum in the K + /π + ratio at 20 to 30 A·GeV (the 'horn') is missed by ∼ 40%. Also, at energies above ∼ 5 A·GeV, the measured K ± mT -spectra have a larger inverse slope than expected from the models. Thus the pressure generated by hadronic interactions in the transport models at high energies is too low. This finding suggests that the additional pressure -as expected from lattice QCD at finite quark chemical potential and temperature -might be generated by strong interactions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central heavy-ion collisions. Finally, we discuss the emergence of density perturbations in a first-order phase transition and why they might affect relative hadron multiplicities, collective flow, and hadron mean-free paths at decoupling. A minimum in the collective flow v2 excitation function was discovered experimentally at 40 A·GeV -such a behavior has been predicted long ago as signature for a first order phase transition.

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The FRITIOF model for very high energy hadronic collisions

Cited by 167 publications

References 23 publications

Dynamical modeling of high energy heavy ion collisions

Dynamical modeling of high energy heavy ion collisions

Perspectives of production in , and Be reactions at SIS energies

Review of QGP Signatures — Ideas Versus Observables

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