The frugivorous diet of the maned wolf,
            <i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>
            , in Brazil: ecology and conservation.

Motta-Junior, José Carlos; Martins, Kleber; Levey, D. J.; Silva, W. R.; Galetti, Mauro

doi:10.1079/9780851995250.0291

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A diet composed of equal proportions of vegetal and animal items, including high proportions of fruits, has been previously reported for the maned wolves (DIETZ 1984, MOTTA-JUNIOR et al 1996, MOTTA-JUNIOR & MARTINS 2002. The minor participation of vegetal items in our study, including S. lycocarpum fruit, may be due to: (1) the relative scarcity of S. lycocarpum in most of the study area, particularly at altitudes over 1,200 m, where the maned wolves are most frequently seen; (2) to the ingestion of meat offered to the animals daily by the Reserve's managers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet adjustments of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), subjected to supplemental feeding in a private natural reserve, Southeastern Brazil

Silva

Talamoni

2003

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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From the analysis of 230 scats, the diet of the maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), was determined in a private natural reserve in southeastern Brazil in which ecotourism activities are developed and the animals are deliberately fed bovine meat. A total of 569 occurrences of food items were recorded, of which 56.8% were of animal origin and 29.1% of vegetal origin. Rodents, insects and birds added up to 35.8% of the occurrences, yet accounted for 68.5% of the total number of preys (277). Insects, however, had practically no importance (0.1%) in the total estimated biomass consumed. Even though the fruit Solanum lycocarpum St.-Hil. is a common food item in the diet of the maned wolf, its occurrence in the diet at the Serra do Caraça Reserve was insignificant, accounting for only 4.8% of the total number of food item occurrences and 3.4% of the total estimated biomass consumption. Food items of anthropic origin and inorganic items (e.g., plastic) represented 14.1% of all occurrences, which shows that the animals are used to the presence of humans. Seasonal variations in consumption were found for S. lycocarpum (c² = 10,09; p < 0,001), for other fruits (c² = 19,73; p < 0,001), and for reptiles (c² = 15,56; p < 0,001), all of which were more frequently eaten during the dry months. There was a significant correlation between the availability of small mammals and their consumption by the maned wolves (r s = 0.59; p = 0.041), yet the same was not observed for the fruits of S. lycocarpum (r s = 0,101; p = 0,754). Our findings stress the need for a better understanding of the effects of additional foods on the natural feeding habits of the maned wolf

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet adjustments of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), subjected to supplemental feeding in a private natural reserve, Southeastern Brazil

Silva

Talamoni

2003

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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“…Canids have been shown to act as seed dispersal agents of native plant species in many ecosystems, e.g. tropical savanna grasslands (MottaJunior et al, 1994;Motta-Junior and Martins, 2002), mediterranean shrublands (Bustamante et al, 1992;Castro et al, 1994;Leon Lobos and Kalin Arroyo, 1994;Aronne and Russo, 1997;Wilson and Thomas, 1999), temperate grasslands (Jaeger, 1950;Cypher and Cypher, 1999), and boreal forest and tundra (Willson, 1993), as well as of invasive species (Brunner et al, 1976;Meek, 1998). Almost all of these studies have focused on frugivory, and seed dispersal of fleshy-fruited species by carnivores has been an area of focus recently (Traveset, 1998;Traveset and Verdú, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Evaluation of the Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) as a Seed Disperser

Graae

Pagh

Bruun

2004

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Arctic foxes are evaluated as seed dispersal vectors for Greenlandic plant species through a feeding experiment with subsequent scat analysis and germination test. Seeds of 22 common species with different morphology were tested. Passage time ranged between 4 and 48 h. No significant differences were detected in passage time for seeds with different morphology. Cerastium alpinum and Stellaria longipes had higher germination after passage through the fox's digestive tract when compared to controls. Sibbaldia procumbens, Oxyria digyna, and Silene acaulis were favored by passage when shorter than 10 h. Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea, Veronica alpina, Gnaphalium norvegicum, Papaver radicatum, Ranunculus hyperboreus, Chamaenerion latifolium, Luzula parviflora, and bulbils of Polygonum viviparum and Saxifraga cernua were inhibited by passage, whereas the remaining species had germination percentage too low to allow for evaluation. Species with adaptations to wind dispersal seemed particularly vulnerable to gut passage. Arctic foxes are able to provide long-distance dispersal of seeds lacking morphological adaptations to dispersal, but for most species seeds need to be defecated within 12 h to remain viable.

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“…Its home range varies from 21.7 to 115.0 Km 2 (Dietz 1984, 1985, Carvalho & Vasconcellos 1995, Rodrigues et al 1998. It is omnivorous, consuming similar proportions of fruits, mostly wolf´s fruit (Solanum lycocarpum) and small vertebrates (Dietz 1984, Aragona & Setz 2001, Motta-Junior & Martins 2002, Jácomo 1999. Medel & Jaksic (1988) and MottaJunior et al (1996) pointed out that quantitative studies about the diet of the maned wolf are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding ecology of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Mammalia: Canidae), in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, São Paulo state, Brazil

2002

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-The feeding ecology of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was studied from 1998 to 2002 in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, including estimates of prey number and biomass consumption. A total of 325 faecal samples was collected in the area. The species is omnivorous, with a broad diet including 68 species or morphospecies of fruits and animals. Armadillos (Dasypodidae), wolf's fruit (Solanum lycocarpum) and small mammals (mostly Clyomys bishopi) were the bulk of the diet, comprising 72.8 % of the total estimated biomass consumed (185,323.4 g). In terms of frequency of occurrence, on the other hand, only small mammals and other miscellaneous fruits yielded 43.4 % of the total occurrences (N = 1,054). Animal prey ranging from 0.01 and 0.1 Kg were the most captured category, resulting in 44.2 % of 507 captured animals. The maned wolf seems to be seasonally opportunistic, at least for fruits and insects, as indicated by the variation of the consumption of these items along the year. The higher consumption of fruits and animals characteristic of savannah can be an important factor to consider in future management plans for the species.Key words: Chrysocyon brachyurus, maned wolf, savannah, grassland, feeding ecology, diet, Brazil.Resumo -A dieta do lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) foi estudada entre 1998 e 2002 na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo, incluindo estimativas de número de presas e biomassa ingerida. Um total de 325 amostras fecais foi coletado na área de estudo. A espécie pode ser considerada onívora, com uma dieta variada incluindo 68 espécies ou morfo-espécies de frutos e animais. Os tatus (Dasypodidae), fruta-de-lobo (Solanum lycocarpum) e pequenos mamíferos (principalmente Clyomys bishopi) constituíram a base da dieta, com 72,8% do total de biomassa consumida (185.323,4 g). Por outro lado, em termos de freqüência de ocorrência, apenas os pequenos mamíferos e outros frutos compreenderam 43,4% do total de ocorrências (N = 1.054). Presas animais entre 0,01 e 0,1 Kg foram as mais consumidas, representando 44,2 % do total de 507 indivíduos capturados. O lobo-guará apresenta oportunismo sazonal pelo menos para frutos e insetos, a julgar pela variação no consumo desses itens nas diferentes estações do ano. O alto consumo de frutos e animais provenientes do cerrado deve ser levado em conta em planos futuros de manejo da espécie. Palavras-chave:Chrysocyon brachyurus, lobo-guará, cerrado, campo, ecologia alimentar, dieta, Brasil.

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The frugivorous diet of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus , in Brazil: ecology and conservation.

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Diet adjustments of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), subjected to supplemental feeding in a private natural reserve, Southeastern Brazil

Diet adjustments of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), subjected to supplemental feeding in a private natural reserve, Southeastern Brazil

An Experimental Evaluation of the Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) as a Seed Disperser

Feeding ecology of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Mammalia: Canidae), in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, São Paulo state, Brazil

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