The fucose-specific lectin gene <i>AOL_s00054g276</i> affects trap formation and nematocidal activity of the nematophagous fungus <i>Arthrobotrys oligospora</i>

et al. 2023

JoF

Self Cite

In higher fungi, lysine is biosynthesized via the α-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway, which differs from plants, bacteria, and lower fungi. The differences offer a unique opportunity to develop a molecular regulatory strategy for the biological control of plant parasitic nematodes, based on nematode-trapping fungi. In this study, in the nematode-trapping fungus model Arthrobotrys oligospora, we characterized the core gene in the AAA pathway, encoding α-aminoadipate reductase (Aoaar), via sequence analyses and through comparing the growth, and biochemical and global metabolic profiles of the wild-type and Aoaar knockout strains. Aoaar not only has α-aminoadipic acid reductase activity, which serves fungal L-lysine biosynthesis, but it also is a core gene of the non-ribosomal peptides biosynthetic gene cluster. Compared with WT, the growth rate, conidial production, number of predation rings formed, and nematode feeding rate of the ΔAoaar strain were decreased by 40–60%, 36%, 32%, and 52%, respectively. Amino acid metabolism, the biosynthesis of peptides and analogues, phenylpropanoid and polyketide biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism and carbon metabolism were metabolically reprogrammed in the ΔAoaar strains. The disruption of Aoaar perturbed the biosynthesis of intermediates in the lysine metabolism pathway, then reprogrammed amino acid and amino acid-related secondary metabolism, and finally, it impeded the growth and nematocidal ability of A. oligospora. This study provides an important reference for uncovering the role of amino acid-related primary and secondary metabolism in nematode capture by nematode-trapping fungi, and confirms the feasibility of Aoarr as a molecular target to regulate nematode-trapping fungi to biocontrol nematodes.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of the Fungal-Specific Lysine Biosynthetic Pathway in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Identified through Metabolomics Analyses

et al. 2023

JoF

Self Cite

“…In addition, mutations in latg13 , atg1 , atg4 , and atg5 led to the loss of ability for trap formation in A. oligospora [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Besides autophagy, some cellular processes affect the formation of traps in A. oligospora , such as woronin body synthesis [ 81 ], RNA interference [ 82 ], glycerol biosynthesis [ 83 ], production of reactive oxygen species [ 84 ], F-box protein synthesis [ 85 ], nitrate assimilation pathway [ 86 ], pH-sensing receptor protein synthesis [ 87 ], velvet family protein synthesis [ 88 ], scaffold protein synthesis [ 89 ], lectin synthesis [ 90 ], actin synthesis [ 91 ], and malate synthase [ 92 ]. Finally, research confirms that A. oligospora possesses pathways related to the biosynthesis of SECs of the gene cluster AOL_s00215g, containing 11 genes.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Trap Formation In a Oligosporamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Life History Transition with Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and Its Application in Sustainable Agriculture

Rao

et al. 2023

Pathogens

Parasitic nematodes cause great annual loss in the agricultural industry globally. Arthrobotrys oligospora is the most prevalent and common nematode-trapping fungus (NTF) in the environment and the candidate for the control of plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. A. oligospora is also the first recognized and intensively studied NTF species. This review highlights the recent research advances of A. oligospora as a model to study the biological signals of the switch from saprophytism to predation and their sophisticated mechanisms for interacting with their invertebrate hosts, which is of vital importance for improving the engineering of this species as an effective biocontrol fungus. The application of A. oligospora in industry and agriculture, especially as biological control agents for sustainable purposes, was summarized, and we discussed the increasing role of A. oligospora in studying its sexual morph and genetic transformation in complementing biological control research.

“…They are not only involved in nutrient storage and development but also play an important role in biological recognition while binding heterologously to certain monosaccharides or complex sugar chain structures to adhere to the host [37]. Moreover, the surface of the trapping device contains adhesion proteins produced by extracellular brillar polymers [30], and the surface of the nematode cuticle is covered with sugar residues of fungal lectin receptors [38] that can contribute to the capture of nematodes.…”

Section: Recognition and Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The AL-ao379 gene plays a role in promoting the invasion stage of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus trapped by Arthrobotrys cladodes

Jia

et al. 2023

Preprint

BACKGROUND: Nematode-trapping fungi can be used to develop specialized trapping devices to trap and kill nematodes, and the use of such fungi, with high efficiency and no toxicity to the environment, as biological control agents is very promising. Moreover, an understanding of the trap formation mechanism and the discovery of key pathogenic genes can help improve the efficacy of biocontrol agents. RESULTS: In this study, we used RNA-Seq to reveal the transcriptome characteristics of Arthrobotrys cladodes under Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induction. When many traps were observed to be produced, mycelia were collected and subjected to differential expression analysis. Differentially expressed genes were screened. AL-ao379 was identified by BLAST analysis and cloned by PCR. The results indicated that the AL-ao379 CDS was 1206 bp and encoded 402 amino acids. The expression of the AL-ao379 gene in different trapping stages was further compared by RT‒PCR. It was verified that the expression of the chitinase gene AL-ao379 increased significantly with the approach of the invasion stage and then decreased after reaching the highest levels in the invasion and predigestion stage. CONCLUSION: The chitinase gene AO-379 has been shown to affect the trapping responses of A. oligospora in soils, but to our knowledge, the effect of the chitinase on arboreal nematode-trapping fungi has not been previously reported. Our results demonstrated that the AL-ao379 gene was a key gene and a potential control target involved in trapping and that it was significantly expressed in invasion stages. In addition, we proposed a model of infestation mechanism of B. xylophilus trapping by arboreal nematode-trapping fungi.