The function of the autonomic nervous system during spaceflight

Mandsager, Kyle; Robertson, David; Diedrich, André

doi:10.1007/s10286-015-0285-y

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Alteration in autonomic nervous control of venous functions with spaceflight could explain the decrease in venous resistance. Recent studies have, however, challenged the notion of reduced sympathetic activity with spaceflight suggesting that adaptations likely reflect sympathoexcitation (Verheyden et al, 2010 ; Mandsager et al, 2015 ; Norsk et al, 2015 ). Norsk et al ( 2015 ) observed that the increase in cardiac output during long duration spaceflights is more than previously observed during short duration spaceflights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Venous Function during Long-Duration Spaceflights

Fortrat¹,

Holanda²,

Zuj

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Aims: Venous adaptation to microgravity, associated with cardiovascular deconditioning, may contribute to orthostatic intolerance following spaceflight. The aim of this study was to analyze the main parameters of venous hemodynamics with long-duration spaceflight.Methods: Venous plethysmography was performed on 24 cosmonauts before, during, and after spaceflights aboard the International Space Station. Venous plethysmography assessed venous filling and emptying functions as well as microvascular filtration, in response to different levels of venous occlusion pressure. Calf volume was assessed using calf circumference measurements.Results: Calf volume decreased during spaceflight from 2.3 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 L (p < 0.001), and recovered after it (2.3 ± 0.3 L). Venous compliance, determined as the relationship between occlusion pressure and the change in venous volume, increased during spaceflight from 0.090 ± 0.005 to 0.120 ± 0.007 (p < 0.01) and recovered 8 days after landing (0.071 ± 0.005, arbitrary units). The index of venous emptying rate decreased during spaceflight from −0.004 ± 0.022 to −0.212 ± 0.033 (p < 0.001, arbitrary units). The index of vascular microfiltration increased during spaceflight from 6.1 ± 1.8 to 10.6 ± 7.9 (p < 0.05, arbitrary units).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that overall venous function is changed during spaceflight. In future, venous function should be considered when developing countermeasures to prevent cardiovascular deconditioning and orthostatic intolerance with long-duration spaceflight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Venous Function during Long-Duration Spaceflights

Fortrat¹,

Holanda²,

Zuj

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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“…A few later studies show that the same theory might be applicable to humans 3 5 16 17 18 19 20 . However, all the studies on this phenomenon have so far focused on an activation of the otoliths 1 .…”

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confidence: 87%

Dysfunctional vestibular system causes a blood pressure drop in astronauts returning from space

Hallgren

Migeotte

Kornilova

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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It is a challenge for the human body to maintain stable blood pressure while standing. The body’s failure to do so can lead to dizziness or even fainting. For decades it has been postulated that the vestibular organ can prevent a drop in pressure during a position change – supposedly mediated by reflexes to the cardiovascular system. We show – for the first time – a significant correlation between decreased functionality of the vestibular otolith system and a decrease in the mean arterial pressure when a person stands up. Until now, no experiments on Earth could selectively suppress both otolith systems; astronauts returning from space are a unique group of subjects in this regard. Their otolith systems are being temporarily disturbed and at the same time they often suffer from blood pressure instability. In our study, we observed the functioning of both the otolith and the cardiovascular system of the astronauts before and after spaceflight. Our finding indicates that an intact otolith system plays an important role in preventing blood pressure instability during orthostatic challenges. Our finding not only has important implications for human space exploration; they may also improve the treatment of unstable blood pressure here on Earth.

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“…This hypothesis necessitates clinical trials. Data obtained on integratory cardiorespiratory mechanisms might be of interest also for understanding the cardiorespiratory consequences of microgravity exposure (Migeotte et al, 2003;Prisk, 2014;Mandsager et al, 2015) and their successful surpassing by cardiorespiratory conditioning before and during the space flights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow 0.1 Hz Breathing and Body Posture Induced Perturbations of RRI and Respiratory Signal Complexity and Cardiorespiratory Coupling

et al. 2020

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Objective: We explored the physiological background of the non-linear operating mode of cardiorespiratory oscillators as the fundamental question of cardiorespiratory homeodynamics and as a prerequisite for the understanding of neurocardiovascular diseases. We investigated 20 healthy human subjects for changes using electrocardiac RR interval (RRI) and respiratory signal (Resp) Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA, α 1RRI , α 2RRI , α 1Resp , α 2Resp), Multiple Scaling Entropy (MSE RRI1−4 , MSE RRI5−10 , MSE Resp1−4 , MSE Resp5−10), spectral coherence (Coh RRI−Resp), cross DFA (ρ 1 and ρ 2) and cross MSE (X MSE1−4 and X MSE5−10) indices in four physiological conditions: supine with spontaneous breathing, standing with spontaneous breathing, supine with 0.1 Hz breathing and standing with 0.1 Hz breathing. Main results: Standing is primarily characterized by the change of RRI parameters, insensitivity to change with respiratory parameters, decrease of Coh RRI−Resp and insensitivity to change of in ρ 1 , ρ 2 , X MSE1−4 , and X MSE5−10. Slow breathing in supine position was characterized by the change of the linear and non-linear parameters of both signals, reflecting the dominant vagal RRI modulation and the impact of slow 0.1 Hz breathing on Resp parameters. Coh RRI−Resp did not change with respect to supine position, while ρ 1 increased. Slow breathing in standing reflected the qualitatively specific state of autonomic regulation with striking impact on both cardiac and respiratory parameters, with specific patterns of cardiorespiratory coupling. Significance: Our results show that cardiac and respiratory short term and long term complexity parameters have different, state dependent patterns. Sympathovagal non-linear interactions are dependent on the pattern of their activation, having different scaling properties when individually activated with respect to the state of their joint activation. All investigated states induced a change of α 1 vs. α 2 relationship, which can be accurately expressed by the proposed measure-inter-fractal angle θ. Short scale (α 1 vs. MSE 1−4) and long scale (α 2 vs. MSE 5−10) complexity measures had reciprocal interrelation in standing with 0.1 Hz breathing, with specific cardiorespiratory coupling pattern (ρ 1 vs. X MSE1−4). These results support the hypothesis of hierarchical organization Matić et al. RRI-Respiratory Complexity and Cardiorespiratory Coupling of cardiorespiratory complexity mechanisms and their recruitment in ascendant manner with respect to the increase of behavioral challenge complexity. Specific and comprehensive cardiorespiratory regulation in standing with 0.1 Hz breathing suggests this state as the potentially most beneficial maneuver for cardiorespiratory conditioning.

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The function of the autonomic nervous system during spaceflight

Cited by 42 publications

References 62 publications

Altered Venous Function during Long-Duration Spaceflights

Altered Venous Function during Long-Duration Spaceflights

Dysfunctional vestibular system causes a blood pressure drop in astronauts returning from space

Slow 0.1 Hz Breathing and Body Posture Induced Perturbations of RRI and Respiratory Signal Complexity and Cardiorespiratory Coupling

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