The functional anatomy of dystonia: Recent developments

Corp, Daniel T; Morrison-Ham, Jordan; Jinnah, Hyder A.; Joutsa, Juho

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.004

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 143 publications

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“…Studies in patients and rodent models point to several brain regions as being associated with dystonia pathophysiology, with current work mainly implicating the somatosensory cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum [6,16,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. These brain regions are functionally connected to each other, which makes it difficult to pinpoint a single origin of the symptoms and raises challenges for defining the ideal therapeutic targets with which to alleviate dystonic movements [23,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar dysfunction in rodent models with dystonia, tremor, and ataxia

van der Heijden,

Sillitoe

2023

Dystonia

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Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary co- or over-contractions of the muscles, which results in abnormal postures and movements. These symptoms arise from the pathophysiology of a brain-wide dystonia network. There is mounting evidence suggesting that the cerebellum is a central node in this network. For example, manipulations that target the cerebellum cause dystonic symptoms in mice, and cerebellar neuromodulation reduces these symptoms. Although numerous findings provide insight into dystonia pathophysiology, they also raise further questions. Namely, how does cerebellar pathophysiology cause the diverse motor abnormalities in dystonia, tremor, and ataxia? Here, we describe recent work in rodents showing that distinct cerebellar circuit abnormalities could define different disorders and we discuss potential mechanisms that determine the behavioral presentation of cerebellar diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar dysfunction in rodent models with dystonia, tremor, and ataxia

van der Heijden,

Sillitoe

2023

Dystonia

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Unraveling the neural signatures: Distinct pallidal patterns in dystonia subtypes

Sedov,

Dzhalagoniya,

Semenova

et al. 2025

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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Multimodal neuroimaging to characterize symptom-specific networks in movement disorders

Ellis,

Meyer,

Kaasinen

et al. 2024

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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Movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, are characterized by their predominant motor symptoms, yet diseases causing abnormal movement also encompass several other symptoms, including non-motor symptoms. Here we review recent advances from studies of brain lesions, neuroimaging, and neuromodulation that provide converging evidence on symptom-specific brain networks in movement disorders. Although movement disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as disorders of the basal ganglia, cumulative data from brain lesions causing parkinsonism, tremor and dystonia have now demonstrated that this view is incomplete. Several recent studies have shown that lesions causing a given movement disorder occur in heterogeneous brain locations, but disrupt common brain networks, which appear to be specific to each motor phenotype. In addition, findings from structural and functional neuroimaging in movement disorders have demonstrated that brain abnormalities extend far beyond the brain networks associated with the motor symptoms. In fact, neuroimaging findings in each movement disorder are strongly influenced by the constellation of patients’ symptoms that also seem to map to specific networks rather than individual anatomical structures or single neurotransmitters. Finally, observations from deep brain stimulation have demonstrated that clinical changes, including both symptom improvement and side effects, are dependent on the modulation of large-scale networks instead of purely local effects of the neuromodulation. Combined, this multimodal evidence suggests that symptoms in movement disorders arise from distinct brain networks, encouraging multimodal imaging studies to better characterize the underlying symptom-specific mechanisms and individually tailor treatment approaches.

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The functional anatomy of dystonia: Recent developments

Cited by 4 publications

References 143 publications

Cerebellar dysfunction in rodent models with dystonia, tremor, and ataxia

Cerebellar dysfunction in rodent models with dystonia, tremor, and ataxia

Unraveling the neural signatures: Distinct pallidal patterns in dystonia subtypes

Multimodal neuroimaging to characterize symptom-specific networks in movement disorders

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