The functional morphology of the thorax of <i>Limnephilus marmoratus</i> Curtis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Tindall, A. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1965.tb00049.x

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Bharadwaj et al state that five subdivisions of sc2-2ph "are characteristic of the Lepidoptera", and for its homologue in Trichoptera (Limnephilus) Tindall (1965) similarly reported five bundles, distinguishable "with greater or lesser clarity". In Agathiphaga a division of the muscle is also intraspecifically variable, and sometimes undiscernible; however, when well-developed no more than four discrete bundles have been observed.…”

Section: Metanotummentioning

confidence: 95%

4. Skeleton and muscles: adults

Kristensen¹

2003

Band 4: Arthropoda, 2 Hälfte: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Teilband/Part 36, Vol 2: Morphology, Physiology, And

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179

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Section: Metanotummentioning

confidence: 95%

4. Skeleton and muscles: adults

Kristensen¹

2003

Band 4: Arthropoda, 2 Hälfte: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Teilband/Part 36, Vol 2: Morphology, Physiology, And

202

179

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“…Size of mesothoracic katepisternum: (0) large; (1) small; (2) absent. Compared with the well developed katepisterna of Neuropterida (Morse 1931; Ferris 1940b; Matsuda 1970), Trichoptera (Tindall 1965) and Lepidoptera (Kristensen 2003), the sclerites are distinctly shortened in Mecoptera (Mickoleit 1968, 1971; Matsuda 1970), Diptera (Matsuda 1960: figs 13, 14), Coleoptera (e.g. Baehr 1975; Friedrich et al.…”

Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basalare is separated from the pleural wing process by a distinct basalar cleft in Meropidae (Mickoleit 1967), Notiothauma (Mickoleit 1971), in many dipteran groups (e.g. Tipulidae, Bibionidae, Tabanidae; Crampton 1925; Rees and Ferris 1939; Bonhag 1949), in Lepidoptera (Kristensen 2003), Trichoptera (Tindall 1965) and basal Hymenoptera (e.g. Xyelidae; Gibson 1993: figs 4, 7 and 9).…”

Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anapleural cleft is also shortened in Lepidoptera (Kristensen 2003) and Trichoptera (e.g. Tindall 1965). The identification of the cleft in basal hymenopteran groups is complicated by the separation of mesanepisternum and the postspiracular sclerite, but a short cleft is distinctly present in Xyelidae (pers.…”

Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…obs. ; Czihak 1953; Chadwick 1959; Matsuda 1956; Tindall 1965; Kristensen 2003; Friedrich and Beutel 2008a).…”

Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The thoracic morphology ofNannochorista(Nannochoristidae) and its implications for the phylogeny of Mecoptera and Antliophora

Friedrich

Beutel

2010

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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External and internal thoracic structures of Nannochorista spp. are described in detail. The results are compared with conditions found in other endopterygote taxa, especially in members of Antliophora. Seventy-seven characters potentially useful for phylogenetic reconstruction are discussed, coded, presented as a data matrix and analysed cladistically. The thorax of Nannochorista shows a number of plesiomorphic characters compared with other mecopterans (except for Merope) and members of the other antliophoran groups (e.g. presence of prospina and associated muscles). No specific affinities of thoracic features of Nannochoristidae and Diptera were found. The cladistic analysis results in strongly supported Antliophora (e.g. intraprofurcal muscle and ventral pleural arms present; bundle of M. mesonoto-pleuralis posterior originates on pleural arm). The thoracic characters do not support the monophyly of Mecoptera. This is possibly an artefact of the analysis. Several potential thoracic autapomorphies of the order are inapplicable in Boreidae, Siphonaptera and Diptera. Boreidae and Siphonaptera share a suite of characters related with flightlessness and are retrieved as sistertaxa when characters associated with wing reduction are predefined as irreversible.Merope appears exceptionally plesiomorphic in its thoracic morphology. Pistillifera (excluding Meropidae) and Panorpoidea (Panorpidae + Panorpodidae) are supported as clades. Due to the strongly modified thoracic morphology of Siphonaptera, the position of this group remains uncertain. The phylogenetic reconstruction using thoracic features alone is clearly impeded by far reaching modifications in Diptera in correlation with an advanced type of anteromotorism, and complex suites of reductional features in the secondary wingless forms.

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Early leaf miners and the ground plan of the lepidopteran larval trunk: Caterpillar morphology of the basal mothsHeterobathmia,Eriocrania, andAcanthopteroctetes

Dupont

2013

Journal of Morphology

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The larval trunk morphology including chaetotaxy, locomotory structures, and trunk musculature of Heterobathmia pseuderiocrania, Eriocrania cicatricella, and Acanthopteroctetes unifascia is described using conventional light, polarization, and scanning electron microscopy. The ground plan morphology of the lepidopteran larva and neolepidopteran caterpillar is discussed in light of the life history succession from free soil dwelling organism to endophagous and finally to a primarily free living, angiosperm associated organism. I suggest that the larval morphology is argued to be strongly influenced by the shift in number of surfaces present in the larval environment. Especially the environment of the endophagous species, where the upper surface of the leaf mine is linked to the presence of dorsal locomotory structures such as the retractable calli and dorsal friction patches is proposed to have had a significant impact on the morphology and locomotory mechnism of the lepidopteran caterpillar. The chaetotaxy of the lepidopteran ground plan is found to be simple, consisting only of primary and secondary tactile setae and segmental proprioceptors. The presumption of Gerasimov ([1935] Zool Anz 112:177-194) that MXD1 of the prothorax is a shifted mesothoracic MD setae is supported. I suggest that the serial arrangement of the proprioceptors MD1, present on all trunk segments except the prothorax, and a trisetous MV group on all the thoracic segments is part of the lepidopteran larval ground plan. The absence of apodeme structures associated with trunk musculature in the nonglossatans suggests that this is an autapomorphic character of the Lepidoptera and it is further found to have been influential in the evolution of the typical caterpillar trunk. The attachments of the thoracic muscles directly to the trunk integument, suggest that the apodemal structures ancestral to the Amphiesmenoptera have been reduced in the Lepidoptera. Within the non-Neolepidoptera, the lifehistory shift may have resulted in reduction of the dorsal locomotory structures, such as calli. The abdominal musculature and structural similarities further suggest that the ventral calli are structural predecessors to the crotchet bearing proleg of the "typical caterpillar."

show abstract

The functional morphology of the thorax of Limnephilus marmoratus Curtis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

4. Skeleton and muscles: adults

4. Skeleton and muscles: adults

The thoracic morphology ofNannochorista(Nannochoristidae) and its implications for the phylogeny of Mecoptera and Antliophora

Early leaf miners and the ground plan of the lepidopteran larval trunk: Caterpillar morphology of the basal mothsHeterobathmia,Eriocrania, andAcanthopteroctetes

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