The functional significance of EEG microstates—Associations with modalities of thinking

Milz, Patricia; Faber, Pascal L.; Lehmann, Dietrich; Koenig, Thomas; Kochi, Kieko; Pascual-Marqui, Roberto D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.023

Cited by 264 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Unexpectedly, we failed to show any correlations between the parameters of Classes A and B and visual/auditory subjectively reported experiences, although based on prior observations (Lehmann et al 1998;Britz et al 2010;Milz et al 2016), some relationships could have emerged.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Earlier studies point to the correspondence of individual microstates to particular classes of mentation by influencing how incoming information is processed and reacted to, and reported afterwards to some degree: Class A has been associated with abstract thoughts (Lehmann et al 1998;Lehmann et al 2010), activity within auditory areas (Britz et al 2010) and visualization (Milz et al 2016); Class B was associated with visual imagery-type activities (Britz et al 2010), verbalization (Milz et al 2016) and paranormal belief (Schlegel et al 2012). MRI-EEG coupled studies suggested that Class C stems from a network related to saliency, whereas Class D -from a dorsal attention network (Britz et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Resting-State Microstates and Ratings on the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire

et al. 2016

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There is a gap in understanding on how physiologically observed activity is related to the subjective, internally oriented experience during resting state. Microstate analysis is a frequent approach to evaluate resting-state EEG. But the relationship of commonly observed resting-state microstates to psychological domains of resting is not clear. The Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ) was recently introduced, offering an effective way to quantify subjective states after a period of resting and associate these quantifiers to psychological and physiological variables. In a sample of 94 healthy volunteers who participated in closed-eyes 5 min. resting session with concurrent EEG recording and subsequent filling of the ARSQ we evaluated parameters of microstate Classes A, B, C, D. We showed a moderate negative association between contribution (r = -0.40) of Class C and experienced Somatic Awareness (SA). The negative correlation between Class C and SA seems reasonable as Class C becomes more dominant when connections to contextual information (and bodily sensations as assessed with SA) are loosened (in reduced attention states, during sleep, hypnosis, or psychosis). We suggest that the use of questionnaires such as the ARSQ is helpful in exploring the variation of resting-state EEG parameters and its relationship to variation in non-sensory experiences.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Resting-State Microstates and Ratings on the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire

et al. 2016

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“…However, in the behavioral manipulation study by Milz and colleagues (Milz et al, 2016), the duration and occurrence of microstate D increased during rest when compared to levels observed during goal-directed tasks (object-visualization, spatial-visualization, verbalization). The authors suggested that microstate D reflects reflexive aspects of attention, focus switching, and reorientation that occur more frequently during rest than during single-goal-directed tasks.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Indeed, they observed significant increases in the coverage and occurrence of microstate B, supporting the assumption that microstate B is associated with the visual system. However, Milz and colleagues (Milz et al, 2016) observed no such increases for microstate B when participants were asked to visualize images that had been presented on the screen during eyes-closed conditions. Rather, the coverage and occurrence of microstate B increased when participants were asked to define a visually presented noun to an imaginary partner, which was designed to represent the least visual condition of their study.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 96%

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

2018

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SummaryThe present review discusses a well-established method for characterizing resting-state activity of the human brain using multichannel electroencephalography (EEG). This method involves the examination of electrical microstates in the brain, which are defined as successive short time periods during which the configuration of the scalp potential field remains semi-stable, suggesting quasi-simultaneity of activity among the nodes of largescale networks. A few prototypic microstates, which occur in a repetitive sequence across time, can be reliably identified across participants. Researchers have proposed that these microstates represent the basic building blocks of the chain of spontaneous conscious mental processes, and that their occurrence and temporal dynamics determine the quality of mentation. Several studies have further demonstrated that disturbances of mental processes associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions manifest as changes in the temporal dynamics of specific microstates. Combined EEG-fMRI studies and EEG source imaging studies have indicated that EEG microstates are closely associated with resting-state networks as identified using fMRI. The scale-free properties of the time series of EEG microstates explain why similar networks can be observed at such different time scales.The present review will provide an overview of these EEG microstates, available methods for analysis, the functional interpretations of findings regarding these microstates, and their behavioral and clinical correlates.

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“…The EEG microstate analysis has been applied to normal and pathological states of consciousness and seems especially well suited for the study of attention (Faber et al 2005;Katayama et al 2007), mentation modality (Milz et al 2016) and reality-testing processes (Brodbeck et al 2012;Katayama et al 2007;Koenig et al 2002;Lehmann et al 2005). Typically attention, awareness and emotion processes are modulated by meditative practices in general (Raffone and Srinivasan 2010;Shapiro and Walsh 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice

et al. 2017

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Two phases of Transcendental Meditation (TM)-transcending and undirected mentationwere compared to each other and to task-free resting using multichannel EEG recorded from 20 TM practitioners. An EEG microstate analysis identified four classes of microstates which were labeled A, B, C and D, based on their similarity to previously published classes. For each class of microstates, mean duration, coverage and occurrence were computed. Resting and transcending differed from undirected mentation with decreased prominence of Class A and increased prominence of Class D microstates. In addition, transcending showed decreased prominence of Class C microstates compared to undirected mentation. Based on previous findings on the functional significance of the microstate classes, the results indicate an increased reference to reality and decreased visualization during resting and transcending compared to undirected mentation. Also, our results indicate decreased saliency of internally generated mentations during transcending compared to undirected mentation reflecting a more detached and less evaluative processing. It is proposed that the continuous cycling through these two phases of meditation during a TM session might facilitate and train the flexible modulation of the parameters of these microstates of these particular classes which are known to be altered in psychiatric disorders. This might promote beneficial stabilizing effects for the practitioner of TM.

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The functional significance of EEG microstates—Associations with modalities of thinking

Cited by 264 publications

References 57 publications

Association Between Resting-State Microstates and Ratings on the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire

Association Between Resting-State Microstates and Ratings on the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire

EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: A review

EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice

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