The functional unit of Japanese word naming: Evidence from masked priming.

Verdonschot, Rinus G.; Kiyama, Sachiko; Tamaoka, Katsuo; Kinoshita, Sachiko; Heij, Wido La; Schiller, Niels O.

doi:10.1037/a0024491

Cited by 58 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, these findings were also consistent with the data based on speech errors (see O'Séaghdha, 2015, for review) and the studies using the masked primed naming paradigm (e.g., Verdonschot, et al, 2011;You, Zhang, & Verdonschot, 2012). However, some recent studies suggest that the preparation unit is not immutable even within the same language.…”

Section: The Flexibility Of Preparation Unitssupporting

confidence: 80%

The influence of orthographic experience on the development of phonological preparation in spoken word production

Wang

2017

Mem Cogn

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Three sets of experiments using the picture naming tasks with the form preparation paradigm investigated the influence of orthographic experience on the development of phonological preparation unit in spoken word production in native Mandarin-speaking children. Participants included kindergarten children who have not received formal literacy instruction, Grade 1 children who are comparatively more exposed to the alphabetic pinyin system and have very limited Chinese character knowledge, Grades 2 and 4 children who have better character knowledge and more exposure to characters, and skilled adult readers who have the most advanced character knowledge and most exposure to characters. Only Grade 1 children showed the form preparation effect in the same initial consonant condition (i.e., when a list of target words shared the initial consonant). Both Grade 4 children and adults showed the preparation effect when the initial syllable (but not tone) among target words was shared. Kindergartners and Grade 2 children only showed the preparation effect when the initial syllable including tonal information was shared. These developmental changes in phonological preparation could be interpreted as a joint function of the modification of phonological representation and attentional shift. Extensive pinyin experience encourages speakers to attend to and select onset phoneme in phonological preparation, whereas extensive character experience encourages speakers to prepare spoken words in syllables.

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Section: The Flexibility Of Preparation Unitssupporting

confidence: 80%

The influence of orthographic experience on the development of phonological preparation in spoken word production

Wang

2017

Mem Cogn

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“…The same paradigms that provide evidence for Table 2 Examples of the pictures used in Experiment 2 (from the homogeneous set /t/) this view in Dutch and English do not support it in Chinese and Japanese (for results from implicit priming, see Chen et al, 2002;Kureta et al, 2006; for results from masked priming, see Chen et al, 2003;Verdonschot et al, 2011). To retain the generality of the model while accommodating the cross-linguistic variations, O'Seaghdha et al (2010) proposed the language-general proximate units principle, according to which word-form encoding starts with the first selectable phonological unit below the word level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea that orthography might have something to do with the kind of production effect observed in a language was tested recently by Verdonschot et al (2011) in Japanese using the masked-priming paradigm. The authors observed priming effects for the mora but not for the segment, no matter whether kana (a mora-based script) or romaji (Romanized Japanese, a segment-based script) were used, which indicates that the language-specific production effect is not motivated by language-specific orthography.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production: An intrinsic or accidental property of the production system?

Chen

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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Previous word production research employing the implicit-priming paradigm has shown that speakers can benefit from advance knowledge of the initial word form of the word to be produced. In Dutch and English, a single onset segment is sufficient to produce the benefit, but a complete syllable (without the tone) is required in Mandarin Chinese. These findings have been interpreted as suggesting language-dependent proximate units for word-form encoding, which are intrinsic to a language-specific system. Nonetheless, the absence of a segment effect in Mandarin Chinese might have to do with the orthographic characteristics of the prompts, which are syllable-based and could have motivated the production system to place more emphasis on the syllable than on the segment. Two experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we employed the implicitpriming paradigm with both spoken and written prompts, and in Experiment 2 we adopted a picture version of this paradigm. Spoken prompts are less likely to encourage an orthographically induced syllable bias, and picture naming involves no prompts, leaving no room for any syllable bias that prompts might induce. The results from both experiments showed syllable preparation effects but no segment preparation effects, regardless of whether prompts were written, spoken, or absent. These findings suggest that the syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production is an intrinsic, and not an accidental or task-dependent, property of the production system. Keywords Mandarin Chinese . Word production . Proximate unit . Implicit priming Producing a word involves accessing its abstract phonological contents from the mental lexicon and assembling them into units of the proper size, so that these units can be mapped onto articulatory movements during speaking. This process is known as word-form encoding. According to the word production model proposed by Levelt, Roelofs, and Meyer (1999), the phonological contents selected at the beginning of word-form encoding are segments rather than syllables. The syllables are constructed online via a segment-to-frame association procedure. This proposal is consistent with the phonological characteristics of the languages that the model is built upon-that is, Dutch and English-in which resyllabification is often required in connected speech, such that the syllables of a word are best constructed online rather than stored and retrieved. The main evidence supporting the segment as the first unit selected for word-form encoding in Dutch and English has been obtained with the implicitpriming task. In this task, participants repeatedly name a set of words, which do or do not overlap in their initial segment (s). Consistent segment preparation effects (i.e., faster response times when there was overlapping than when there was not) have been observed, and these effects increased with

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“…For example, the two syllable Japanese word Nissan (日産; the Japanese automaker) can be separated into four morae as ni.s.sa.n. These units play an important role in Japanese phonology and in fact are considered the basis of its speech rhythm (Kubozono, 1985(Kubozono, , 1989Kureta, Fushimi, & Tatsumi, 2006;Otake, Hatano, Cutler, & Mehler, 1993;Port, Dalby, & O'Dell, 1987;Warner & Arai, 2001). Verdonschot et al (2011) interpret this mora-level MOPE in Japanese in terms of the speech planning model and conclude that the mora is the functional phonological unit of speech planning in this language.…”

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confidence: 96%

The locus of the masked onset priming effect

Witzel

Choi

2013

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This study investigates the masked onset priming effect (MOPE) in Korean. The results revealed facilitated naming for nonwords written in the alphabetic syllabary hangul when primes and targets shared an initial consonant-vowel (CV) syllable as well as when they shared only an initial onset (C) phoneme. However, there was greater priming at the syllable level than at the phoneme level. Taken together with previous research on Korean (Kim & Davis, 2002), these findings indicate that the MOPE reflects facilitated grapheme-to-phoneme conversion processes when the pronunciation of the target is computed through the nonlexical route, and are interpreted to support the Forster and Davis (1991) model of this effect.

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The functional unit of Japanese word naming: Evidence from masked priming.

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

The influence of orthographic experience on the development of phonological preparation in spoken word production

The influence of orthographic experience on the development of phonological preparation in spoken word production

The syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production: An intrinsic or accidental property of the production system?

The locus of the masked onset priming effect

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