The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease

Gaikwad, Avinash; Hu, Jinghua; Chapple, David G.; O'Bryan, Moira K

doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa016

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 342 publications

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“…Our tethered-cell assay, in principle, permits imaging single cells until they stop beating. We report here results obtained by analyzing large numbers of (∼50) beat cycles in single tethered sperm in freshly prepared samples when they are most vigorous ( Gaikwad et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Nandagiri

Gaikwad

Potter

et al. 2021

eLife

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We demonstrate a technique for investigating the energetics of flagella or cilia. We record the planar beating of tethered mouse sperm at high resolution. Beating waveforms are reconstructed using proper orthogonal decomposition of the centerline tangent-angle profiles. Energy conservation is employed to obtain the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors from the observed kinematics. A large proportion of the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors is dissipated internally by the motors themselves. There could also be significant dissipation within the passive structures of the flagellum. The total internal dissipation is considerably greater than the hydrodynamic dissipation in the aqueous medium outside. The net power input from the dynein motors in sperm from Crisp2-knockout mice is significantly smaller than in wildtype samples, indicating that ion-channel regulation by cysteine-rich secretory proteins controls energy flows powering the axoneme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Nandagiri

Gaikwad

Potter

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…Our tethered-cell assay, in principle, permits imaging single cells until they stop beating. We report here results obtained by analyzing large numbers of (⇠ 50) beat cycles in single tethered sperm in freshly prepared samples when they are most vigorous [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Nandagiri

Gaikwad

Potter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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While much is known about the microstructure of sperm flagella, the mechanisms behind the generation of flagellar beating patterns by the axoneme are still not fully understood. We demonstrate a technique for investigating the energetics of flagella or cilia. We record the planar beating of tethered wildtype and Crisp2-knockout mouse sperm at high-speed and high-resolution and extract centerlines using digital image processing techniques. We accurately reconstruct beating waveforms using a Chebyshev-polynomial based Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the centerline tangent-angle profiles. External hydrodynamic forces and the internal resistance from the passive flagellar material are calculated from the observed kinematics of the beating patterns using a Soft, Internally-Driven Kirchhoff-Rod (SIDKR) model. Energy conservation is employed to further compute the flagellar energetics. We thus obtain the distribution of mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors without any further assumptions about mechanisms regulating axonemal function. We find that, in both the mouse genotypes studied, a large proportion of the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors is dissipated internally, within the passive structures of the flagellum and by the motors themselves. This internal dissipation is considerably greater than the hydrodynamic dissipation in the aqueous medium outside. The net power input from the dynein motors in sperm from Crisp2-knockout mice is significantly smaller than in corresponding wildtype samples. The reduced power is correlated with slower beating and smaller amplitudes. These measurements of flagellar energetics indicate that the ion-channel regulating cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) may also be involved in regulating mammalian sperm motility.

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“…Considering the latter, CD44, suggested as an eventual marker for epididymosomes [ 40 ], is the main receptor for hyaluronan, the most conspicuous glycosaminoglycan present in the oviductal sperm reservoir and the expanded cumulus cells [ 105 ], and recognized as interplay between the spermatozoa and its surroundings in crucial events such as colonization of the tubal sperm reservoir or capacitation, as well as sperm location of the oocyte [ 105 ]. In sum, it appears evident that epididymosomes convey fundamental mediation during sperm maturation [ 162 ] (Cornwall 2009), promoting acquisition of sperm motility, oxidation–reduction, metabolism, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization [ 137 , 152 , 153 , 163 , 164 , 165 ]. Alongside, there seems that the epididymosome load of ubiquitin [ 166 ] or ELSPBP1 (epididymal sperm binding protein 1) [ 167 ] aid tagging defective or dead spermatozoa that are to be eliminated along the journey or after ejaculation [ 152 , 166 , 167 , 168 ].…”

Section: The Particulate Seminal Plasma: the Most Relevant Component Of Seminal Plasma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal Plasma: Relevant for Fertility?

Rodriguez‐Martinez

Martı́nez

Calvete

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Seminal plasma (SP), the non-cellular component of semen, is a heterogeneous composite fluid built by secretions of the testis, the epididymis and the accessory sexual glands. Its composition, despite species-specific anatomical peculiarities, consistently contains inorganic ions, specific hormones, proteins and peptides, including cytokines and enzymes, cholesterol, DNA and RNA—the latter often protected within epididymis- or prostate-derived extracellular vesicles. It is beyond question that the SP participates in diverse aspects of sperm function pre-fertilization events. The SP also interacts with the various compartments of the tubular genital tract, triggering changes in gene function that prepares for an eventual successful pregnancy; thus, it ultimately modulates fertility. Despite these concepts, it is imperative to remember that SP-free spermatozoa (epididymal or washed ejaculated) are still fertile, so this review shall focus on the differences between the in vivo roles of the SP following semen deposition in the female and those regarding additions of SP on spermatozoa handled for artificial reproduction, including cryopreservation, from artificial insemination to in vitro fertilization. This review attempts, including our own results on model animal species, to critically summarize the current knowledge of the reproductive roles played by SP components, particularly in our own species, which is increasingly affected by infertility. The ultimate goal is to reconcile the delicate balance between the SP molecular concentration and their concerted effects after temporal exposure in vivo. We aim to appraise the functions of the SP components, their relevance as diagnostic biomarkers and their value as eventual additives to refine reproductive strategies, including biotechnologies, in livestock models and humans.

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The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 342 publications

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm

Seminal Plasma: Relevant for Fertility?

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