The Fungicidal Properties of Certain Spray-Fluids, VIII. The Fungicidal Properties of Mineral, Tar and Vegetable Oils

Martin, H.; Salmon, E. S.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600009837

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Canola oils have been associated with reduced yield (Schneider andNorthover 1990, Pasini et al 1997), and are known to cause leaf burn if applied in full sun and/or above 30°C (Martin and Salmon 1931, Schneider and Northover 1990, Pasini et al 1997. Finger et al (2002) reported phytotoxicity when canola oil was applied at 8 L/ha, in areas on grapevine canopies where the oil pooled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

Crisp

Wicks

Bruer³

et al. 2006

Aust J Grape Wine Res

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Grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) affects grape yield and fruit quality worldwide. Managers of conventional vineyards rely mainly on synthetic fungicides and sulfur to control powdery mildew, while in organic vineyards sulfur is the main control agent, often in rotation with canola‐based oils, bicarbonates and biological control agents. The efficacy of those materials has not been evaluated critically under field conditions in Australia. Accordingly, a range of materials showing most promise in previous greenhouse trials (Crisp et al. 2006 Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research12, pp. 192–202) were assessed via field trials in commercial vineyards. Applications of either milk or whey (alone, or mixed with a canola oil‐based product), as well as applications of potassium bicarbonate (commercial formulation), all reduced the severity of powdery mildew compared with untreated vines. Eight applications of a 1:10 dilution of milk, 45 g/L whey powder or programs comprising rotations of potassium bicarbonate plus oil and whey, applied at 10–14 day intervals, reduced the severity of powdery mildew to levels not significantly different from that on vines sprayed with sulfur (wettable powder, 3–6 g/L). However, the relative control of powdery mildew by the test materials in field trials was dependent on the susceptibility of the grapevine cultivar and the extent of spray coverage achieved. In vineyards where highly susceptible cultivars were planted, and spray coverage was compromised, the resultant control of powdery mildew was reduced; and sometimes to commercially unacceptable levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

Crisp

Wicks

Bruer³

et al. 2006

Aust J Grape Wine Res

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“…Due to the awareness of potentially adverse effects of pesticides, there is a need for the development of alternative methods to control crop diseases such as powdery mildews. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) has been used with success against powdery mildew in the early 1930s (Martin and Salmon, 1931). However, the method remained essentially unnoticed until the publication by Homma et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some plant oils emulsified with the same amount of soft soap, have been shown to be fungicidal against powdery mildew in the early 1930s (Martin and Salmon, 1930, 1931, 1933). These studies also remained essentially unnoticed until recent years when the interest of using plant oils for control of powdery mildew was revived (Northover and Schneider, 1993, 1996; Pasini, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sunflower Oil on Tomato Powdery Mildew Caused by Oidium neolycopersici

Wang

Hsieh

et al. 2003

Journal of Phytopathology

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When tomato leaves were sprayed with 0.1% emulsified canola oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, soya bean oil or sunflower oil, the severity of powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici was greatly reduced. Among these edible oils tested, sunflower oil was the most effective in the control of powdery mildew. When sprayed with 0.5% sunflower oil, powdery mildew on tomato leaves was reduced to a negligible level. Sunflower oil applied to halves of upper leaf surface did not induce resistance against the pathogen in the non‐treated halves. When applied to halves of lower leaf surface, it also failed to reduce the severity of powdery mildew on the upper leaf surface right above the treated area indicating that control of the powdery mildew by sunflower oil did not result from activation of host defence mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy showed that control of powdery mildew with sunflower oil resulted mainly from the inhibition of conidial germination and suppression of mycelial growth of the pathogen.

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“…Conversion of benzene to cyclohexane has resulted in a reduction of fungicidal and phytocidal properties, possibly associated with the loss of aromatic properties following hydrogenation. The correlation of foliage-injuring properties and aromatic character has already been illustrated by examples, given in Part VIII of this series (10), from the tar and petroleum oils and from the hydrogenation products of naphthalene. In that paper trials are recorded of dekalin which, at 2 per cent., with 0-5 per cent.…”

Section: The Fungicidal Properties Of Certain Spray-fluids XImentioning

confidence: 89%

The fungicidal properties of certain spray-fluids, XI. Synthetic solvents

Martin¹,

Salmon²

1934

J. Agric. Sci.

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PRELIMINARY work on the search for substitutes for sulphur and the sulphur-containing sprays for the control of powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae) is described in Part VIII of this series (10). To the reasons there given for this investigation may be added the undesirability of applying sulphur as a fungicide to fruit or vegetables intended for canning. The materials examined in the experiments there described were chosen on account of their suitability as solvents for contact insecticides such as nicotine, pyrethrum extract or rotenone, and they were confined to oils derived from natural sources, e.g. tar and petroleum oils or glyceride oils. At the same time, spray trials were carried out using manufactured solvents of which a large range are now commercially available at prices which do not prohibit their use as spray materials. These products have the great advantage over such solvents as the tar and petroleum oils that, in many cases, their standardisation by chemical analysis is simple. This work has been continued as biological material became available and, although a rigid systematic investigation was not adhered to, it is possible to classify, on chemical lines, the materials tested under the following heads: (1) Hydrocarbons, (2) Hydroxyl-derivatives, (3) Esters.For preliminary work, ordinary commercial samples of these materials were used, and only when interesting results had been obtained with this grade were they purified or otherwise subjected to analytical control. Particulars of the preparation of the sprays are given below under the separate headings, but in all cases where emulsification or the addition of a spreader was found necessary the same material was used, namely, 0-25 per cent. Agral I, a proprietary spreader of which the sulphonates of cyclic hydrocarbons containing aliphatic side-chains are declared to be the active ingredients. In other cases the emulsifier or spreader used was a dilute soap solution prepared by the addition of oleic acid (to give 0-10 per cent.) to 0-03 per cent, sodium hydroxide.Journ. Agric. Sci. xxvi 30

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The Fungicidal Properties of Certain Spray-Fluids, VIII. The Fungicidal Properties of Mineral, Tar and Vegetable Oils

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

Effects of Sunflower Oil on Tomato Powdery Mildew Caused by Oidium neolycopersici

The fungicidal properties of certain spray-fluids, XI. Synthetic solvents

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