The future for weed control and technology

Shaner, Dale L.; Beckie, Hugh J.

doi:10.1002/ps.3706

Cited by 183 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…How long will it take for kochia populations to evolve resistance to three site-of-action herbicides? In the future, better cover crops where fallow is practiced would lessen selection pressure for GR and multiple-resistant weed populations (Shaner and Beckie 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba

et al. 2015

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Ford, G. 2015. Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 345Á349. Previous surveys have documented the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia in Alberta in 2011 and 2012. To determine the incidence of GR kochia in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, a stratified-randomized survey of 342 sites (one population per site) in southern and central regions of Saskatchewan and a similar survey of 283 sites in southern Manitoba was conducted in the fall of 2013. Mature plants were collected, seed threshed, and progeny screened by spraying with a discriminating glyphosate dose of 900 g ae ha Á1 under greenhouse conditions. Screening confirmed 17 GR kochia populations in nine municipalities in west-central or central Saskatchewan, but only two GR populations from different municipalities in the Red River Valley of Manitoba. While the majority of GR kochia populations in Saskatchewan originated in chemicalfallow fields, some populations were found in cropped fields (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; lentil, Lens culinaris Medik.; GR canola, Brassica napus L.) and non-cropped areas (oil well, roadside ditch). In Manitoba, the two populations occurred in fields cropped to GR corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Agronomic and economic impact of this GR weed biotype is compounded because of consistent multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. However, GR kochia is susceptible to dicamba, an increasingly important auxinic herbicide used for control of this multiple-resistant weed biotype. Pour e´tablir l'incidence de cette adventice GR en Saskatchewan et au Manitoba, les auteurs ont proce´deá`u ne enqueˆte ale´atoire stratifie´e a`342 sites (un peuplement par site) dans le sud et le centre de la Saskatchewan, puis ont effectue´une enqueˆte similaire a`283 sites dans le sud du Manitoba, a`l'automne 2013. Ils ont recueilli des plants matures, en ont re´colte´les graines et ont pre´se´lectionne´la proge´niture en la pulve´risant avec 900 g de glyphosate par hectare, en serre, aux fins de discrimination. La pre´se´lection a confirme´la pre´sence de 17 peuplements de kochie GR dans neuf municipalite´s du centre-ouest ou du centre de la Saskatchewan, mais seulement deux populations GR dans des municipalite´s diffe´rentes de la valle´e de la rivie`re Rouge, au Manitoba. Bien que la majorite´des peuplements de kochie GR de la Saskatchewan aient e´te´observe´s dans des jache`res chimiques, quelques-uns ont e´te´retrouve´s dans des cultures (ble´, Triticum aestivum L.; lentille, Lens culinaris Medik.; canola GR, Brassica napus L.) et sur des terrains en friche (puits de pe´trole, fosse´d'une route). Au Manitoba, les deux populations ont e´te´de´couvertes dans des champs de maı¨s GR (Zea mays L.) et de soja (Glycine max L. Merr.). L'impact agronomique et e´conomique de cette adventice GR est complexe, car la kochie pre´sente une re´sistance multiple aux herbicides qui inhibent l'ace´tolactate synthase. Ne´anmoins, la kochie GR est sen...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba

et al. 2015

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“…The heavy use of herbicides also began post WWII. The earliest record of herbicide resistance was reported in 1957, when 2,4-D-resistant carrots were discovered (Shaner, 2014, Shaner andBeckie, 2014). 2,4-D is an herbicide that was discovered during WWII and later used as a component of Agent Orange to destroy crops of targeted populations in South East Asia.…”

Section: A Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1968, however, widespread use of triazine herbicides (e.g. atrazine) resulted in the evolution of triazine-resistant groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) (Burgos et al, 2013, Busi et al, 2013, Shaner, 2014, Shaner and Beckie, 2014. The resistance was the result of a mutation at the target for triazine and was maternally inherited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

From silent spring to silent night: Agrochemicals and the anthropocene

Hayes

Hansen

2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Hayes, TB and Hansen, M 2017 From silent spring to silent night: Agrochemicals and the anthropocene. Elem Sci Anth, 5: 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.246 IntroductionWe are in the Anthropocene and likely experiencing the Earth's sixth mass extinction. The current mass extinction is the first to be caused by a single species, humans. Chemical contaminants in the environment, especially pesticides, are playing an important role in the Anthropocene. Over 85,000 synthetic chemicals exist today (USEPA, 2014, USEPA, 2016b, NIH, 2014. These chemicals represent compounds used in every aspect of life and can end up in the environment (air, water, soil, and biological tissues). Even personal care products and personal use chemicals (such as pharmaceuticals) can persist in the environment ( Yamamoto et al., 2009, D'Abrosca et al., 2008. Although there are many sources and types of chemicals in the environment, pesticides are a significant concern because they are applied directly in the environment in large amounts, particularly by the agricultural industry. Pesticides are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as: "any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest; any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, or any nitrogen stabilizer" (USEPA, 2015c) and include herbicides, fungicides, nematocides, rodenticides, and agents to kill bacteria and viruses. Over the last 75 years, the use of pesticides has increased dramatically and continues to increase. Approximately 2.3 billion kilograms of pesticides are used annually worldwide with the U.S. alone accounting for over 0.45 billion kilograms per year (Alavanja, 2009, USEPA, 2017, USEPA, 2015b. Here, we review evidence that pesticides have altered the gene pool of target organisms and through direct toxic effects and so-called "low dose" effects (effects below concentrations considered safe) have altered landscapes and populations globally REVIEWFrom silent spring to silent night: Agrochemicals and the anthropocene Tyrone B. Hayes * and Martin Hansen *, †We are now living in the Anthropocene, the first time in Earth's history when synthetic chemicalscreated by humans-are damaging the planet and contributing to a major loss of biodiversity. Pesticides are a particular problem in this regard. Agricultural practices changed dramatically following World War II.Methods for the production of nitrogen for manufacturing explosives were adapted for use as fertilizer in agriculture. Further, chemicals used to combat insect vectors for disease during World War II were adapted for the control of insect pests in agriculture. Eventually, herbicides used as defoliants to destroy food supplies and aid in combating soldiers using forests as cover, were customized to control weeds in agriculture. The heavy use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted in global exposure to these chemicals. Travelling through water, air, and in migrating animals, pes...

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“…Paradoxically, the increasing occurrence of HR weed populations worldwide and the decreasing availability of effective herbicides will inevitably require more knowledge, planning time, cost and risk by growers than in the past. [89] Revision of current stewardship programs Stewardship programs may include both mandatory and recommended practices. [90] Growers need sufficient information, so that they understand the importance and rationale for IWM programs and the need to adopt best management practices (BMP).…”

Section: Education Programs To Maintain and Improve Knowledge Of Weedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated weed management systems with herbicide-tolerant crops in the European Union: lessons learnt from home and abroad

Lamichhane

Devos

Beckie

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

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Conventionally bred (CHT) and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops have changed weed management practices and made an important contribution to the global production of some commodity crops. However, a concern is that farm management practices associated with the cultivation of herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops further deplete farmland biodiversity and accelerate the evolution of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds. Diversification in crop systems and weed management practices can enhance farmland biodiversity, and reduce the risk of weeds evolving herbicide resistance. Therefore, HT crops are most effective and sustainable as a component of an integrated weed management (IWM) system. IWM advocates the use of multiple effective strategies or tactics to manage weed populations in a manner that is economically and environmentally sound. In practice, however, the potential benefits of IWM with HT crops are seldom realized because a wide range of technical and socio-economic factors hamper the transition to IWM. Here, we discuss the major factors that limit the integration of HT crops and their associated farm management practices in IWM systems. Based on the experience gained in countries where CHT or GMHT crops are widely grown and the increased familiarity with their management, we propose five actions to facilitate the integration of HT crops in IWM systems within the European Union.ARTICLE HISTORY

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The future for weed control and technology

Cited by 183 publications

References 66 publications

Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba

Glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba

From silent spring to silent night: Agrochemicals and the anthropocene

Integrated weed management systems with herbicide-tolerant crops in the European Union: lessons learnt from home and abroad

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