The Future Is Now

Daniel, Tinuke Oluyomi; Stanton, Christina M.; Epstein, Leonard H.

doi:10.1177/0956797613488780

Cited by 298 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One's temporal discounting rate is believed to be a relatively stable trait (Odum 2011), but researchers also posit it could be modified through training (Daniel et al, 2013a; Koffarnus et al, 2013). The present study further supports the notion that delay discounting rate in an appropriate target for intervention by providing an unambiguous demonstration of significant relations between delay discounting rate and BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust relation between temporal discounting rates and body mass

et al. 2014

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Objective When given the choice between $100 today and $110 in one week, certain people are more likely to choose the immediate, yet smaller reward. The present study examined the relations between temporal discounting rate and body mass while accounting for important demographic variables, depressive symptoms, and behavioral inhibition and approach. Methods After having their heights and weights measured, 100 healthy adults completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Approach Scale. Results Overweight and obese participants exhibited higher temporal discounting rates than underweight and healthy weight participants. Temporal discounting rates decreased as the magnitude of the delayed reward increased, even when other variables known to impact temporal discounting rate (i.e., age, education level, and annual household income) were used as covariates. Conclusion A higher body mass was strongly related to choosing a more immediate monetary reward. Additional research is needed to determine whether consideration-of-future-consequences interventions, or perhaps cognitive control interventions, could be effective in obesity intervention or prevention programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust relation between temporal discounting rates and body mass

et al. 2014

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“…The drive to eat and the inability to delay gratification is conceptualized as reinforcement pathology (Carr, Daniel, Lin, & Epstein, 2011; Epstein, Salvy, Carr, Dearing, & Bickel, 2010), and these studies suggest that enhancing self-control may reduce energy intake. One approach to reducing delay discounting (Daniel & Epstein, 2013; Daniel, Stanton, & Epstein, 2013; Lin & Epstein, 2014) and reducing energy intake (Daniel, et al, 2013) is episodic future thinking, which shifts focus from small immediate rewards to larger, but delayed and future rewards. Research is needed to assess whether episodic future thinking would work with individuals who are high in food reinforcement and who cannot delay immediate gratification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food reinforcement and parental obesity predict future weight gain in non-obese adolescents

et al. 2014

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Background Food reinforcement, the extent to which people are willing to work to earn a preferred snack food, and parental obesity are risk factors for weight gain, but there is no research comparing the predictive effects of these factors for adolescent weight gain. Methods 130 non-obese adolescents (M age = 15.2 ± 1.0; M BMI = 20.7 ± 2.0; M zBMI = 0.16 ± 0.64) at differential risk for weight gain based on parental obesity completed baseline food and money reinforcement tasks, and provided zBMI data over 2-yr follow-up. Results The number of obese (BMI ≥ 30) parents (p = 0.007) and high food reinforcement (p = 0.046) were both significant independent predictors of greater zBMI increases, controlling for age, sex, parent education and minority status. Having no obese parents or being low or average in food reinforcement was associated with reductions in zBMI, but those high in food reinforcement showed larger zBMI increases (0.102) than having one obese parent (0.025) but less than having two obese parents (0.177). Discussion Food reinforcement and parental obesity independently predict future weight gain among adolescents. It might be fruitful for obesity prevention programs to target both high risk groups.

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“…Engagement in EFT induces activation in regions previously associated with DD (i. e., lateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortex) and also increases coupling in regions of the amygdala and hippocampus not usually associated with DD, as determined from fMRI activity [31]. EFT has previously been shown to decrease DD in individuals with alcholol use disorder [32], smokers [33], as well as normal weight, overweight, and obese populations [34,35]. Consistent with the reinforcer pathology concept, EFT may reduce the demand for hypothetical drinks [32], self-administration of cigarettes [33], and self-administration and valuation of highly palatable snacks in overweight and/or obese adults and children [35,36].…”

Section: Reinforcer Pathology As a Prototype ‘Biomarker’mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction Biomarkers: Dimensional Approaches to Understanding Addiction

Kwako

Bickel

Goldman

2018

Trends in Molecular Medicine

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Trends towards dimensional approaches in understanding psychiatric disorders may also be applied to addictive disorders. Advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of addiction can inform these efforts. Furthermore, dimensional approaches to addiction, such as the proposed Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), may be used in identifying novel addiction biomarkers, and refining ones that currently exist. These biomarkers, derived from both an understanding of the neurobiology of addiction and behavioral phenotypes, represent a departure from traditional markers of alcohol-relevant biomarkers, such as tests of liver function (LFTs). We posit that a potential addictionrelevant biomarker is reinforcer pathology, found to be relevant across addictions to different substances, and which may offer a target for modification through the use of episodic future thinking.

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The Future Is Now

Cited by 298 publications

References 20 publications

Robust relation between temporal discounting rates and body mass

Robust relation between temporal discounting rates and body mass

Food reinforcement and parental obesity predict future weight gain in non-obese adolescents

Addiction Biomarkers: Dimensional Approaches to Understanding Addiction

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