The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

Pardo, Bryce; Taylor, Jirka; Caulkins, Jonathan P.; Kilmer, Beau; Reuter, Peter; Stein, Bradley D.

doi:10.7249/rr3117

Cited by 82 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…For each mentioned opioid, however, the unique IUPAC name was here identified and reported, and those further sources here are considered (e.g., PubChem, ChEMBL, ChemDraw, and Isomer Design) confirmed that the substance was properly chemically characterized. Hence, one could argue that the rogue producers' synthesis of any of the opioids here commented is indeed a real and distinct possibility (Kata et al, 2018;Financial Crimes Enforcement Network [FinCHEN], 2019;Pardo et al, 2019;Whitehouse, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel Opioids: Systematic Web Crawling Within the e-Psychonauts’ Scenario

et al. 2020

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Background: A wide range of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are regularly searched and discussed online by e-psychonauts. Among NPSs, the range of prescription/non-prescription opioids (fentanyl and non-fentanyl analogs) and herbal derivatives currently represents a challenge for governments and clinicians.Methods: Using a web crawler (i.e., NPS.Finder R ), the present study aimed at assessing psychonaut fora/platforms to better understand the online situation regarding opioids.Results: The open-web crawling/navigating software identified some 426 opioids, including 234 fentanyl analogs. Of these, 176 substances (162 were very potent fentanyls, including two ohmefentanyl and seven carfentanyl analogs) were not listed in either international or European NPS databases. Conclusion:A web crawling approach helped in identifying a large number, indeed higher than that listed by European/international agencies, of unknown opioids likely to possess a significant misuse potential. Most of these novel/emerging substances are still relatively unknown. This is a reason of concern; each of these analogs potentially presents with different toxicodynamic profiles, and there is a lack of docking, preclinical, and clinical observations. Strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians and bioinformatics may prove useful in better assessing public health risks associated with opioids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel Opioids: Systematic Web Crawling Within the e-Psychonauts’ Scenario

et al. 2020

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“…However, the 2011-15 estimates appear low in contrast to results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, that 0.9% of the US adult population met criteria for OUD and nearly 5% reported past-year illicit or non-medical opioid use [2]. In addition, more than 47 000 people died of an opioid-related overdose in 2018 [3], an almost 66% increase since 2015 [4]. In this broader context, the increasing trends in visits and treatment for OUD reported by Rhee & Rosenheck [1] are probably insufficient to address demand for evaluation and treatment.…”

Section: Disagreeing On Whether We Agreementioning

confidence: 88%

“…Again, our point is not to criticize SCS, let alone to insist on RCTs, but rather to encourage people to develop a more nuanced view of the strengths and weaknesses of the literature on population-level effects and cost-effectiveness of SCS. In our view, additional research on supervising drug consumption is warranted, perhaps especially in places that are hit hard by fentanyl and other synthetic opioids [4]. In the title of their recent article, Rhee & Rosenheck [1] ask an important question: can the provision of out-patient care in medical settings address the opioid crisis in the United States?…”

Section: Disagreeing On Whether We Agreementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Disagreeing on whether we agree

2020

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“…The synthetic opioid, fentanyl, has several analogs that are 3 to 10,000 times more potent than morphine (Suzuki & El-Haddad, 2017), much cheaper than heroin and easily available online (Pardo et al, 2019). In the United States, fentanyl is often disguised in the heroin supply because it is a cheap way for distributors to increase the potency (Mars et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Shop Until You Drop”: Valuing Fentanyl Analogs on a Swedish Internet Forum

Møller

Svensson

2020

Journal of Drug Issues

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Fentanyl analogs are synthetic opioids used for pain treatment and palliative care, which are also sought after by drug users for their psychoactive properties. Clandestinely produced fentanyl has caused an overdose crises of unprecedented scale in the United States. In Sweden, the retail purchase, possession, and use of some analogs are legal, providing opiate users with a legal alternative, until the process of scheduling is finished. The continuous process of scheduling and introduction of slightly modified variants implies that there is much uncertainty regarding the potency and quality of newly introduced analogs. We examine user perceptions of fentanyl analogs in a thematic analysis of the public internet forum, Flashback, from 2012 to 2019. In 24 threads on fentanyl analogs, posters shared and discussed information on the emergence of new analogs, their desirability and prices, adverse health effects, and eventual scheduling.

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The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Novel Opioids: Systematic Web Crawling Within the e-Psychonauts’ Scenario

Novel Opioids: Systematic Web Crawling Within the e-Psychonauts’ Scenario

Disagreeing on whether we agree

“Shop Until You Drop”: Valuing Fentanyl Analogs on a Swedish Internet Forum

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