From its primitive beginnings as a healing agency, modern group psychotherapy has experienced impressive expansion as an effective treatment modality recognized the world over. Its first major growth spurt occurred during World War II when military psychiatrists were forced by the large numbers of psychological casualties to resort to group intervention. The American community mental health center movement of the 1960's added further impetus for the use of group measures because of the urgent need to serve large numbers of people with limited staffs. Currently, as approaches range from clinical therapy groups to derivative preventive and supportive interventions reaching out to virtually all human services, group psychotherapy plays a major role in the country's move toward managed health care. Recounting the history of how small groups have been used for purposes of healing has been viewed by some as pointless and boring as well. I mink otherwise. Let me explain and begin with a quote from Johnson and Johnson's book: Cooperation and Competition. Theory and Practice (1989). From the moment we are born to the moment we die, relationships are the core of our existence. We are conceived within relationships, are bom into relationships, live our lives within relationships (p. 107). I consider it fair to extend the term "relationship" to refer to group relationships, for intimate Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed to Saul Scheidlinger, 715 Bleeker Avenue, Mamaroneck, NY 10543. relationships entail a sense of a shared identity, separate "F identities turned into a "We" identity. The history of group therapy is the history of a movement in which past history is continuous with the present-a path leading to the experience of identity. In other words, paraphrasing Erik Erikson, group psychotherapy today is at once a product of what it has been and what it will become tomorrow. Group therapy's precursors were folk healers, troubadours and prophets who knew the power inherent in group relationships, and who used them to promote in people a sense of well-being and an acceptance of behavioral change. In a similar vein, some authors have considered the Greek healing temples, such as that of Epidaurus (600 B.C.-200 A.D.), the famed sermons by religious leaders from the Sermon on the Mount, to the Tantras and Mantras of the East, Anton Mesmer's Parisian "animal magnetism" sessions of 1776, as well as the Marquis de Sade's theatricals-all have been labeled as precursors of modern group therapy (Janet, 1925). Thus, in an extended sense, when Joseph Pratt (1906), a compassionate Boston internist (not mental health worker) used the group medium in 1905, to help his poor tubercular patients cope with their then incurable chronic disease, he was following in the tradition of the healers of old. Pratt's didactic approach, soon revealed broader therapeutic potentials, which he seized upon explicitly two decades later to treat psychosomatic problems as well (Pratt, 1945). Edward Lazell (1921), a psychiatrist, adapt...