The future of real-world neuroscience: Imaging techniques to assess active brains in social environments

Kasai, Kiyoto; Fukuda, Masato; Yahata, Noriaki; Morita, Kentaro; Fujii, Naotaka

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.007

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, many efficient research techniques, such as PET or fMRI, are not suitable if one wants to investigate brain activation patterns as they relate to real-world environments. To make visualization of the brain dynamics during natural social situations feasible and reliable, it is required to apply special sophisticated real-world neuroimaging techniques (McDowell et al, 2013; Kasai et al, 2015). One of the most common electrophysiological methods to study the brain activity is an identification the spectral characteristics of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and the brain regions where there is a change in these characteristics under different conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Attention in Real Classroom Settings: An EEG Study

Komarov

Hairston

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

166

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Sustained attention is a process that enables the maintenance of response persistence and continuous effort over extended periods of time. Performing attention-related tasks in real life involves the need to ignore a variety of distractions and inhibit attention shifts to irrelevant activities. This study investigates electroencephalography (EEG) spectral changes during a sustained attention task within a real classroom environment. Eighteen healthy students were instructed to recognize as fast as possible special visual targets that were displayed during regular university lectures. Sorting their EEG spectra with respect to response times, which indicated the level of visual alertness to randomly introduced visual stimuli, revealed significant changes in the brain oscillation patterns. The results of power-frequency analysis demonstrated a relationship between variations in the EEG spectral dynamics and impaired performance in the sustained attention task. Across subjects and sessions, prolongation of the response time was preceded by an increase in the delta and theta EEG powers over the occipital region, and decrease in the beta power over the occipital and temporal regions. Meanwhile, implementation of the complex attention task paradigm into a real-world classroom setting makes it possible to investigate specific mutual links between brain activities and factors that cause impaired behavioral performance, such as development and manifestation of classroom mental fatigue. The findings of the study set a basis for developing a system capable of estimating the level of visual attention during real classroom activities by monitoring changes in the EEG spectra.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Attention in Real Classroom Settings: An EEG Study

Komarov

Hairston

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

166

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“…With this in mind, a number of recent studies have developed and validated neuropsychological tasks that can be administered in immersive, virtual reality environments and have found that these paradigms yield additional information not provided by traditional laboratory tasks (Parsons & Courtney, 2014; Parsons & Rizzo, 2008). This emphasis on in situ measurement has even been embraced within the field of neuroscience with growing attention being paid to developing imaging techniques that can be used to visualize brain dynamics during natural environmental interactions (Kasai, Fukuda, Yahata, Morita, & Fujii, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability and feasibility of a visual working memory task in an ecological momentary assessment paradigm.

Schuster¹,

Mermelstein²,

Hedeker³

2015

Psychological Assessment

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Neuropsychological performance has historically been measured in laboratory settings using standardized assessments. However, these methods may be inherently limited in generalizability. This concern may be mitigated with paradigms such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA). We evaluated the initial feasibility and acceptability of administering a visual working memory (VWM) task on handheld computers across one EMA study week among adolescents/young adults (N=39). Participants also completed standardized laboratory neurocognitive measures to determine the extent to which EMA VWM performance mapped onto scores obtained in traditional testing environments. Compliance with the EMA protocol was high as participants responded to 87% of random prompts across the study week. As expected, EMA VWM performance was positively associated with laboratory measures of auditory and visual working memory, and these relationships persisted after adjusting for predicted intelligence. Further, discriminant validity tests showed that EMA VWM was not linked with laboratory scores of verbal abilities and processing speed. These data provide initial evidence on the convergent and discriminant validity of interpretations from this novel, ecologically-valid neurocognitive approach. Future studies will aim to further establish the psychometric properties of this (and similar) tasks and investigate how momentary fluctuations in VWM correspond with contextual influences (e.g., substance use, mood) and clinical outcomes.

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“…In this light, the particular dynamic of an interaction emerges through a reciprocal process of between-brain contingencies, or "neural coupling" (Hasson & Frith, 2016). In response to this, a new wave of "two-person" or "in situ" social neuroscience has emerged (Hari, Himberg, Nummenmaa, Hämäläinen, & Parkkonen, 2013;Kasai, Fukuda, Yahata, Morita, & Fujii, 2015;Redcay & Schilbach, 2019;Schilbach et al, 2013), whereby the brains of two or more individuals are measured simultaneously while they interact with one another. In response to this, a new wave of "two-person" or "in situ" social neuroscience has emerged (Hari, Himberg, Nummenmaa, Hämäläinen, & Parkkonen, 2013;Kasai, Fukuda, Yahata, Morita, & Fujii, 2015;Redcay & Schilbach, 2019;Schilbach et al, 2013), whereby the brains of two or more individuals are measured simultaneously while they interact with one another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elucidating the patterns of neural coupling that underlie different forms of social exchange might therefore provide an interpersonal neural substrate of interactive behavior, but this requires the development of new paradigms and analytical techniques for social neuroscience research (Hasson & Honey, 2012;Schilbach et al, 2013;Zaki, Bolger, & Ochsner, 2008). In response to this, a new wave of "two-person" or "in situ" social neuroscience has emerged (Hari, Himberg, Nummenmaa, Hämäläinen, & Parkkonen, 2013;Kasai, Fukuda, Yahata, Morita, & Fujii, 2015;Redcay & Schilbach, 2019;Schilbach et al, 2013), whereby the brains of two or more individuals are measured simultaneously while they interact with one another. Such "hyperscanning" allows researchers to explore how social interactions take shape through real-time processes of interpersonal neural coupling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting into sync: Data‐driven analyses reveal patterns of neural coupling that distinguish among different social exchanges

Špiláková

Shaw

Czekóová

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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In social interactions, each individual's brain drives an action that, in turn, elicits systematic neural responses in their partner that drive a reaction. Consequently, the brain responses of both interactants become temporally contingent upon one another through the actions they generate, and different interaction dynamics will be underpinned by distinct forms of between-brain coupling. In this study, we investigated this by "performing functional magnetic resonance imaging on two individuals simultaneously (dual-fMRI) while they competed or cooperated with one another in a turn-based or concurrent fashion." To assess whether distinct patterns of neural coupling were associated with these different interactions, we combined two data-driven, model-free analytical techniques: group-independent component analysis and inter-subject correlation. This revealed four distinct patterns of brain responses that were temporally aligned between interactants: one emerged during co-operative exchanges and encompassed brain regions involved in social cognitive processing, such as the temporo-parietal cortex. The other three were associated with competitive exchanges and comprised brain systems implicated in visuomotor processing and social decision-making, including the cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex. Interestingly, neural coupling was significantly stronger in concurrent relative to turn-based exchanges. These results demonstrate the utility of data-driven approaches applied to "dual-fMRI" data in elucidating the interpersonal neural processes that give rise to the two-in-one dynamic characterizing social interaction.

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The future of real-world neuroscience: Imaging techniques to assess active brains in social environments

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Sustained Attention in Real Classroom Settings: An EEG Study

Sustained Attention in Real Classroom Settings: An EEG Study

Acceptability and feasibility of a visual working memory task in an ecological momentary assessment paradigm.

Getting into sync: Data‐driven analyses reveal patterns of neural coupling that distinguish among different social exchanges

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