The future of space medicine

Nicogossian, Arnauld; Pober, Deborah F.

doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00124-2

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Human biology is obviously far more complicated than that of microorganisms or plants, yet there are some simple observational and medical experiments that could be performed. Numerous studies on human biological response to space exploration have already been undertaken in Earth-based simulations and during numerous space missions (Taylor, 1974;Nicogossian and Pober, 2001). However, the Moon presents its own unique set of conditions, including radiation regimes that cannot be wholly simulated on Earth (Horneck, 1996).…”

Section: Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

et al. 2007

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In October of 2005, the European Space Agency (ESA) and Alcatel Alenia Spazio released a "call to academia for innovative concepts and technologies for lunar exploration." In recent years, interest in lunar exploration has increased in numerous space programs around the globe, and the purpose of our study, in response to the ESA call, was to draw on the expertise of researchers and university students to examine science questions and technologies that could support human astrobiology activity on the Moon. In this mini review, we discuss astrobiology science questions of importance for a human presence on the surface of the Moon and we provide a summary of key instrumentation requirements to support a lunar astrobiology laboratory.

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Section: Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

et al. 2007

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“…Soon these work rotations will become longer, requiring prolonged habitation in the zero-gravity environment. To date, there are at least eight areas of problems with prolonged exposure to microgravity (lG), including calcium/bone loss, muscular deterioration, and cardiovascular deconditioning [12]. On the other hand, these same deleterious eects may actually be bene®cial to persons with certain disabilities (e.g., paraplegics or those with congestive heart failure).…”

Section: Microgravity Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive visions

Satava

2002

Surgical Endoscopy

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Numerous advanced technologies, both medical and nonmedical, are emerging faster than their social, behavioral, political, moral, and ethical implications can be understood. Some of these technologies will fundamentally challenge the practice of surgery: human cloning, genetic engineering, tissue engineering, intelligent robotics, nanotechnology, suspended animation, regeneration, and species prolongation. Because of the rapidity of change, the current status of these emerging technologies with their specific moral and ethical issues must be addressed at this time by the new generation of surgeons, or we must all face the consequences of an uncontrolled and unprepared future.

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Biological Responses and Adaptation to Spaceflight: Living in Space—An International Enterprise

Nicogossian¹

2003

Encyclopedia of Space Science and Technology

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Attempting to predict human responses to space travel, physicians and researchers of the 1950s speculated that microgravity and spaceflight itself would present significant challenges‐if not barriers—to the human body. They hypothesized that the combined stresses of launch acceleration, weightlessness, radiation, and heavy deceleration upon reentry would be incapacitating. At the very least, they predicted that the bodily systems sensitive to gravity‐based cues would function improperly or not at all. Given this grim forecast, the initial focus was to demonstrate that life, away from Earth, could survive space travel and subsequent return to Earth's gravity. Faced with this challenge, both the United States and Soviet Union turned first to ground simulations, such as immobilization studies, and then to the study of animal test subjects launched on board high‐altitude balloons, suborbital, and orbital rockets. What followed is a series of biological satellites that carried a variety of living specimens, from isolated cell cultures to whole instrumented organisms. The Soviet Union relied primarily on canines to provide such data, whereas the United States chose primates for such experimentation. This article attempt to present a concise overview of life in space, physiological responses to this new environment, and associated health implications for future space travelers. Consideration must be given to the hostile, and yet dynamic environment of space; to the craft that protects the crew members from the harsh environment, allowing them to navigate in space; and to life itself as it adjusts to this novel environment. Today it is known that some adaptive changes, such as immune and hormonal responses, are primarily the response to the stresses of confinement, isolation, and spacecraft design, not necessarily to the unique effects of the space environment.

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The future of space medicine

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

Lunar Astrobiology: A Review and Suggested Laboratory Equipment

Disruptive visions

Biological Responses and Adaptation to Spaceflight: Living in Space—An International Enterprise

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