The Fuzzy Logic of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Dorn, II Gerald W.

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.106.079426

Cited by 294 publications

(260 citation statements)

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“…Physiologic LV hypertrophy due to an episodic volume load, such as that caused by physical activity, results from the addition of sarcomeres in series accounting for the lengthening of cardiac myocytes and increase in mass, a process distinct from the concentric hypertrophy that results from a pressure load (e.g., high blood pressure or weight-lifting) (18,19). Studies of the hearts of exercised animals compared with those of sedentary animals show hypertrophy of the RV out of proportion to the LV, with a 21 to 31% increase in RV mass and 7 to 12% increase in LV mass, as well as an increase in RV and septal myocyte length of up to 26% (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Right Ventricular Structure and Function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study.

Aaron¹,

Tandri²,

Barr³

et al. 2009

C27. Right Ventricular Function and Exercise

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Rationale: Intense exercise in elite athletes is associated with increased left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) mass and volumes. However, the effect of physical activity on the RV in an older community-based population is unknown. Objectives: We studied the association between levels of physical activity in adults and RV mass and volumes. Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) performed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging on community-based participants without clinical cardiovascular disease. RV volumes were determined from manually contoured endocardial margins. RV mass was determined from the difference between epicardial and endocardial volumes multiplied by the specific gravity of myocardium. Metabolic equivalent-minutes/day were calculated from the selfreported frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity. Measurements and Main Results: The study sample (n 5 1,867) was aged 61.8 6 10 years, 48% male, 44% white, 27% African American, 20% Hispanic, and 9% Chinese. Higher levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity were linearly associated with higher RV mass (P 5 0.02) after adjusting for demographics, anthropometrics, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and LV mass. Higher levels of intentional exercise (physical activity done for the sole purpose of conditioning or fitness) were nonlinearly associated with RV mass independent of LV mass (P 5 0.03). There were similar associations between higher levels of physical activity and larger RV volumes. Conclusions: Higher levels of physical activity in adults were associated with greater RV mass independent of the associations with LV mass; similar results were found for RV volumes. Exercise-associated RV remodeling may have important clinical implications.Keywords: exercise; pulmonary heart disease; pulmonary hypertension; magnetic resonance imaging Physical activity has many physiologic effects on the cardiovascular system, both acutely and chronically. Exercise acutely raises cardiac output through tachycardia, augmented stroke volume, and increased ejection fraction (1). Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures increase and vascular resistances decrease. Long-term high-intensity physical activity is associated with increased left ventricle (LV) mass, volume, and wall thickness (2-6), a constellation of changes known as the ''athlete's heart.'' Most studies of the cardiac effects of physical activity focus on LV morphology in small cohorts of young male endurance athletes.The substantial differences in embryology, morphology, perfusion, workload, and downstream vascular beds (and the diseases which affect them) make extrapolation of findings from the LV to the right ventricle (RV) difficult. The small number of studies performed have shown significant effects of intense exercise on RV mass and volumes (3-6). However, because RV structure and function are difficult to measure with standard transthoracic echocardiography, little is known about the relationship between physical activity and RV str...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Right Ventricular Structure and Function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study.

Aaron¹,

Tandri²,

Barr³

et al. 2009

C27. Right Ventricular Function and Exercise

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“…Physical exercise can be classified as static or dynamic and leads to two different kinds of intermittent chronic cardiac workload, which induces morphological changes in the heart, such as concentric and eccentric physiological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by a uniform profile of ventricular wall and septum growth (1)(2)(3). In the subsequent sections we describe the hemodynamic alterations and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the concentric and eccentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training.…”

Section: Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training results in hemodynamic altera-www.bjournal.com.br Braz J Med Biol Res 44 (9) 2011 tion with marked elevation of blood pressure (BP), leading to pressure overload in the heart, resulting in the parallel addition of sarcomeres. This leads to a predominant increase in cardiomyocyte cell width and consequently to an increase in left ventricular wall thickness without reducing the size of the internal cavity in diastole, with the development of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (1,2,4). The increase in wall thickness induced by pressure overload is mainly due to an increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (5) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Concentric Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced By Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel, an increased effectiveness of the skeletal muscle pump and decrements in peripheral vascular resistance increase the venous return to the heart. Therefore, the heart overload occurs predominantly as a result of the volume, leading to the development of eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (1)(2)(3).…”

Section: Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced By Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronically performed dynamic exercise or aerobic endurance training induces adjustments in the cardiovascular system (1)(2)(3). With regard to the cardiovascular effects, resting bradycardia has been considered to be the hallmark of aerobic exercise training adaptation (12,19,22).…”

Section: Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced By Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Fernandes

Soci

Oliveira

2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Structured reporting of cardiovascular magnetic resonance based on expert consensuses and guidelines

et al. 2020

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Background There is a gap between China and developed countries in Europe and America as to the normalization of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) diagnostic reports. The aim of this study was to construct a structured CMR report template suitable for China's actual conditions. Methods Cardiac magnetic resonance standardized image interpretation and post‐processing guidelines and CMR report guidelines are the consensus and recommendations of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) experts whose goal is to ensure the consistent quality and repeatability of CMR reports. This structured CMR report template was constructed based on the guidelines for standardized image interpretation, post processing and reporting of CMR examinations, combined with the experiences learned in Germany and the practical experiences in China. It consisted of three parts: Device and Methods, Findings (Structure and function, Tissue Characterization), Summary and Conclusion. Detailed directions were provided section by section. Results This structured CMR report template underlined the comprehensive analysis of the results of morphological, functional and tissue characteristics to provide conclusive opinions and answer the corresponding important questions raised by the clinicians. Conclusion The standardization of qualitative and quantitative assessments of CMR results is the core of structured reporting of CMR.

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The Fuzzy Logic of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Cited by 294 publications

References 91 publications

Physical Activity and Right Ventricular Structure and Function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study.

Physical Activity and Right Ventricular Structure and Function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study.

Eccentric and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training: microRNAs and molecular determinants

Structured reporting of cardiovascular magnetic resonance based on expert consensuses and guidelines

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