The G Protein-Coupled Receptor Heterodimer Network (GPCR-HetNet) and Its Hub Components

Abstract

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) oligomerization has emerged as a vital characteristic of receptor structure. Substantial experimental evidence supports the existence of GPCR-GPCR interactions in a coordinated and cooperative manner. However, despite the current development of experimental techniques for large-scale detection of GPCR heteromers, in order to understand their connectivity it is necessary to develop novel tools to study the global heteroreceptor networks. To provide insight into the overall topology of the GPCR heteromers and identify key players, a collective interaction network was constructed. Experimental interaction data for each of the individual human GPCR protomers was obtained manually from the STRING and SCOPUS databases. The interaction data were used to build and analyze the network using Cytoscape software. The network was treated as undirected throughout the study. It is comprised of 156 nodes, 260 edges and has a scale-free topology. Connectivity analysis reveals a significant dominance of intrafamily versus interfamily connections. Most of the receptors within the network are linked to each other by a small number of edges. DRD2, OPRM, ADRB2, AA2AR, AA1R, OPRK, OPRD and GHSR are identified as hubs. In a network representation 10 modules/clusters also appear as a highly interconnected group of nodes. Information on this GPCR network can improve our understanding of molecular integration. GPCR-HetNet has been implemented in Java and is freely available at http://www.iiia.csic.es/~ismel/GPCR-Nets/index.html.

Adenosine A1 receptors are selectively coupled to Gαi-3 in postmortem human brain cortex: Guanosine-5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding/immunoprecipitation study

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Dopamine D3 receptor agonists as pharmacological tools

“…are taken as signaling markers (for review see: Yacoubian and Standaert, 2009;Schapira et al, 2014). Additionally tendencies to form hetero-or homomultimers are demonstrated for GPCRs in general and specifically for dopamine D 3 receptors (Borroto-Escuela et al, 2014;Pou et al, 2012).…”

Purinergic signaling in Parkinson's disease. Relevance for treatment

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