“…To obtain U , as shown in , , 9 , and which represent the foreground tasks' states, the time-dependent background tasks' states, and the actual system clock frequency respectively, must be obtained from the flight software. Then, as shown in (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), to obtain $ QJRS T , G H O/ 9 , which is the left-over eventdependent background tasks' number of execution must be also be known from the flight software. Thus, by providing , 9 , , and G H O/ 9 parameters to the time estimator, ^_`7 can be calculated.…”