The GAD-7 and the PHQ-8 exhibit the same mathematical pattern of item responses in the general population: analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey

Tomitaka, Shinichiro; Furukawa, Toshi A

doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00657-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have found that PHQ-9 scores are not normally distributed among adults and older adolescents ( Burdzovic Andreas & Brunborg, 2017 ; Tomitaka et al, 2018 ), and that GAD-7 item responses are similarly skewed ( Tomitaka & Furukawa, 2021 ). We confirmed these findings among our cohort of early adolescents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety among multiethnic middle school students: Age, gender, and sociocultural environment

Jenkins

Sánchez

Miller

et al. 2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Depression and anxiety-related disorders are common among adolescents. Research attention to early adolescence and low-income ethnically diverse populations is limited. Aim: To conduct screening for depression and anxiety at an early age with attention to gender and socioenvironmental context within a low-income setting. Method: Mixed methods included the PHQ-9A and GAD-10 screening instruments and ethnographic interviews. Results: 75 ethnically diverse middle school students were included. Mean years age was 11.2 (0.74). Females had higher PHQ-9A sum scores than males ( p = .002, Mann-Whitney test) and higher GAD-10 sum scores than males ( p = .016, Mann-Whitney test). After controlling for multiple comparisons, girls had higher mean responses on three PHQ-9A items ( p < .006, two-sided t-test) and only one GAD-10 item ( p < .005, two-sided t-test). Ethnographic interviews revealed contexts associated with girls’ experiences of depression and anxiety, including gender-based violence in both school and home environments. Salient for girls and boys alike were worries about consequences of COVID-19 for family with respect to illness, death, job loss, economic hardship. Fears over student perceptions of intensified discrimination and racism in school and community were prominent. These problems were experienced by students as barriers to educational engagement. Conclusion: Specific attention to early adolescence is needed to identify emergence of subsyndromal conditions which may benefit from therapeutic attention to reduce symptom severity, identify sociocultural, structural, and gender-specific stressors, and to enhance educational engagement.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and anxiety among multiethnic middle school students: Age, gender, and sociocultural environment

Jenkins

Sánchez

Miller

et al. 2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cut-off scores for minimal, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety symptoms are 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–21, respectively. A score of 10 points corresponds to a significant likelihood of GAD [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Physical Activity in the Reduction of Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Young Adults in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Czenczek‐Lewandowska

Leszczak

Wyszyńska

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical activity is critically important not only for physical but also for mental health. Exercise may be a beneficial form of therapy for young adults with anxiety disorders. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the public, including young adults, in terms of their mental well-being and opportunities for physical activity. The study aimed to identify the influence of physical activity (PA) on generalised anxiety in young adults. It also assessed the changes which occurred in the level of PA and in generalised anxiety in young adults as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was carried out online with 506 young adults aged 18 to 34 years (=24.67 years ± 4.23 years). Respondents provided two answers to each question, i.e., information relating to the last 7 days during the pandemic (first hard lockdown), and to a period of 7 days before the pandemic (retrospective). The levels of physical activity were measured using 7-item International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ–SF), whereas the level of generalised anxiety was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. During the pandemic there was a significant correlation between the level of generalised anxiety and the level of physical activity reported by the respondents (p = 0.048). A higher level of physical activity corresponded to lower level of generalized anxiety in young adults. During the pandemic, young adults spent significantly less time performing physical activity (8752.5 vs. 6174.6 metabolic equivalents (MET) min/week, p < 0.001), they spent more time engaging in sedentary behaviours (Me = 240 vs. Me = 300 min/day, p < 0.001), and they walked much less (from Me = 6930.0 (MET) min/week vs. 3861.0 (MET) min/week (44.29% decrease). Furthermore, after the outbreak of the pandemic the level of perceived generalised anxiety increased significantly (p < 0.001). Physical activity may play an important role in reducing anxiety disorder in young adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic young adults were significantly less involved in PA, which adversely affected their physical and mental condition. The importance of sufficient PA should be emphasised during this specific period, particularly among young adults.

show abstract

“…Smartphones record behavior patterns of users with high temporal precision and without the need for user intervention reducing the response rate. Only 59% of the users respond to PHQ surveys [ 6 ]. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data obtained from smartphones are particularly important to identify movement patterns and time spent at specific locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing the Effect of Time Spent at Home during COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Urban and Suburban College Students Using Cell Phone Geolocation

Ayranci

Bandera

Phan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of depression and anxiety with time spent at home among students at two universities—one urban and the other suburban—during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Geolocation data from the smartphones of 124 participants were collected between February 2021 and May 2021. The level of depression was estimated by the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 screening tools, and anxiety scores were estimated by the GAD-2 and GAD-7 screening tools. Results: 51% of participants in the PHQ-9 surveys indicated mild to severe depression. Participants spent on average 75% of their time at home during COVID. Time spent at home had a positive correlation with the mental health of urban students but a negative correlation with suburban students. The relation between the time at home with mental health was stronger among female participants than among male participants. Correlations between female depression, anxiety, and time at home were significant. Conclusions: Lockdown and distance learning contributed to the high levels of depression in university students. This research highlights the importance of time spent at home for mental health being during the pandemic and the importance of distinguishing between urban and suburban settings when formulating public health recommendations. Quality of time spent at home versus time spent outside differentiated the mental well-being of students located in different environments. Staying at home may be recommended for students without access to safe outdoor places as it is associated with lower levels of depression.

show abstract

The GAD-7 and the PHQ-8 exhibit the same mathematical pattern of item responses in the general population: analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Depression and anxiety among multiethnic middle school students: Age, gender, and sociocultural environment

Depression and anxiety among multiethnic middle school students: Age, gender, and sociocultural environment

The Role of Physical Activity in the Reduction of Generalised Anxiety Disorder in Young Adults in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Distinguishing the Effect of Time Spent at Home during COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Urban and Suburban College Students Using Cell Phone Geolocation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About