The gap-prepulse inhibition deficit of the cortical N1-P2 complex in patients with tinnitus: The effect of gap duration

Ku, Yun Hyi; Ahn, Joong Woo; Kwon, Chiheon; Kim, Do Youn; Suh, Myung‐Whan; Park, Moo Kyun; Lee, Jun Ho; Oh, Seung Ha; Kim, Hee Chan

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2017.03.003

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Although statistical analysis was not possible, the most prominent inhibition was associated with the GSI of 50 ms, and the ALR response after a gap prepulse was more inhibited at shorter GSIs. Previous studies have proposed the use of the gap prepulse inhibition paradigm for tinnitus assessment in clinics [13,22]. We also concluded that it could be a useful assessment tool for patients with tinnitus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The relatively large baseline fluctuation noted in a previous study wherein gap prepulse stimuli was applied [19] may be attributed to overlaps. A recent study showed that use of the gPPI paradigm was associated with similar auditory responses in both tinnitus patients and normal subjects, perhaps because of a similar issue with overlap [22]. We used zero padding to eliminate any possibility of remnant wave fluctuation even after allowing sufficient time for a cortical response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Gap Prepulse with a Principal Stimulus Yields a Combined Auditory Late Response

2020

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Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition.Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm.Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared.Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gap Prepulse with a Principal Stimulus Yields a Combined Auditory Late Response

2020

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“…They demonstrated successful gap-induced inhibition of the auditory late response following an intense sound burst in healthy volunteers, measured using electroencephalography. In a recent follow-up study, Ku et al (2017) found deficits in gap-induced suppression of auditory late responses in tinnitus patients, present at the frequency that best matched their tinnitus, supporting the idea that this may be an objective neural measure of tinnitus, though some deficits were also observed at a much lower frequency, albeit in both patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Gap-induced reductions of evoked potentials in the auditory cortex: A possible objective marker for the presence of tinnitus in animals

et al. 2018

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HighlightsGap-suppression of startle responses is regularly used as a measure for tinnitus.We studied this phenomenon in auditory cortical evoked potentials in awake animals.Gap-suppression of evoked potentials was also examined following noise exposure.120 dB SPL noise exposure, but not 105 dB, resulted in deficits in gap-suppression.Results are discussed in the context of a potential correlate of tinnitus.

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“…Our result on MMN supports this hypothesis that tinnitus may fill in the silent gaps and makes it difficult for the auditory cortex to detect the silent gap (Mahmoudian et al, ). Another recent study reported that deficit in gap processing in tinnitus subjects is linked to deficient timing cues and deficient temporal discrimination caused by processing alterations in tinnitus (Ku et al, ). Whereas we tried to minimize the effect of hearing loss in the studied subjects, but we cannot ignore the presence of up to 40 dB HL hearing loss in frequencies of 4,000 and 12,000 Hz in some subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of auditory prediction error in decompensated tinnitus: An auditory mismatch negativity study

et al. 2019

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Introduction Some tinnitus subjects habituate to their tinnitus but some others do not and complain of its annoyance tremendously. Normal sensory memory and change detection processes are needed for detecting the tinnitus signal as a prediction error and habituation to tinnitus. The purpose of this study was to compare auditory mismatch negativity as the index of sensory memory and change detection among the studied groups to search for the factors involving in the perception of tinnitus and preventing habituation in decompensated tinnitus subjects. Methods Electroencephalography was recorded from scalp electrodes in compensated tinnitus, decompensated tinnitus, and no tinnitus control subjects. Mismatch negativity was obtained using the oddball paradigm with frequency, duration, and silent gap deviants. Amplitude, latency, and area under the curve of mismatch negativities were compared among the three studied groups. Results The results showed lower mismatch negativity amplitude and area under the curve for the higher frequency deviant and for the silent gap deviant in decompensated tinnitus group compared to normal control and compensated tinnitus group. Conclusions This study revealed a deficit in sensory memory and change detection processing in decompensated tinnitus subjects. This causes persistent prediction errors; tinnitus signal is consistently detected as a new signal and activates the brain salience network and consequently prevents habituation to tinnitus. Mismatch negativity is proposed as an index for monitoring tinnitus rehabilitation.

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The gap-prepulse inhibition deficit of the cortical N1-P2 complex in patients with tinnitus: The effect of gap duration

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

A Gap Prepulse with a Principal Stimulus Yields a Combined Auditory Late Response

A Gap Prepulse with a Principal Stimulus Yields a Combined Auditory Late Response

Gap-induced reductions of evoked potentials in the auditory cortex: A possible objective marker for the presence of tinnitus in animals

The potential role of auditory prediction error in decompensated tinnitus: An auditory mismatch negativity study

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