The Garden of Eden: Acknowledging the Impact of Race and Class in Efforts to Decrease Obesity Rates

Baker, Elizabeth A.; Kelly, Cheryl; Barnidge, Ellen; Strayhorn, Jennifer; Schootman, Mario; Struthers, Jim; Griffith, Deidre J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.049502

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This result corroborates the findings of several studies examining the neighborhood food environment [1,13]. Still, few grocery stores carried more than 50% of the culturally specific fruits and vegetables assessed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The researchers found that although culturally relevant fruits and vegetables such as collard greens and okra were more costly than other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables, they were more likely to be found in the homes of African-American families with school children. Notwithstanding the insights gained from these studies, there remains a paucity of food environment studies specifically exploring fruit and vegetable varieties that may be favored by ethnic or racial minority populations in the US [1,12,13]. This omission in the study of food environments may limit our ability to implement effective population-based policies, as we may not be documenting a critical factor influencing purchasing behaviors and subsequent dietary patterns, particularly for racial and ethnic minority groups [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood deprivation and availability of culturally specific African-American and Latino fruits and vegetables in five small central Illinois cities

Grigsby-Toussaint¹,

Moise²

2013

OJPM

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Introduction: Although individual-level dietary behavior among racial/ethnic minority groups in the US is influenced by cultural food preferences and socioeconomic position, few studies of the food store environment have simultaneously examined both factors. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the availability of culturally specific fruits and vegetables for African Americans and Latinos by levels of neighborhood deprivation. The 5 small central Illinois cities selected for the study have exhibited increasing numbers of both racial/ ethnic groups in the last decade. Methods: A validated audit tool was used to survey 118 food stores in 2008. Census 2000 block group data was used to create a neighborhood deprivation index (categorized as low, medium, and high) based on socioeconomic characteristics using principal component analysis. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 17.0 to determine whether the availability of culturally specific fruits and vegetables (n = 31) varied by neighborhood levels of deprivation and store type. Results: Fewer than 50% of neighborhoods carried culturally specific fruits and vegetables, with the lowest availability found in low deprivation neighborhoods (p < 0.05). Culturally specific fruits and vegetables were most often found in neighborhoods with medium levels of deprivation, and in grocery stores (p < 0.05). Latino fruits and vegetables were less likely to be found across neighborhoods or in stores, compared to African-American fruits and vegetables. Conclusions: The limited availability of culturally specific fruits and vegetables for African Americans and Latinos highlights potential environmental challenges with adherence to daily dietary guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption in these groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood deprivation and availability of culturally specific African-American and Latino fruits and vegetables in five small central Illinois cities

Grigsby-Toussaint¹,

Moise²

2013

OJPM

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“…Facilitating access to nutritious foods by using methods such as changing the offerings in vending machines in schools and work sites, 18 improving access to supermarkets and markets that offer increased selection of fruits and vegetables in underserved areas, 19 promoting the consumption of family meals 20 and reducing the amount of money spent on meals outside home 21 are ideas that could contribute to reducing energy intake. Policy approaches include proposals to tax certain foods and beverages and forcing disclosure of nutritional information including caloric content of meals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999–2008

et al. 2010

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Background and Objective: The United States has experienced a large increase in the prevalence of obesity since the 1970s. Our objective was to describe recent trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States. Design: Trend study of cross-sectional studies. Subjects: We used data from up to 22 872 men and non-pregnant women aged X20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2008. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures are mean body mass index and waist circumference, percentages of obesity and abdominal obesity. Obesity was defined as a body mass index X30 kg m À2 , and abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference X102 cm in men and X88 cm in women. Results: In men, the age-adjusted mean body mass index, mean waist circumference, and prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity were 27.8 kg m À2 , 99.1 cm, and 26.9 and 37.8%, respectively, during 1999-2000 and 28.5 kg m À2 (P trend ¼ 0.001), 100.8 cm (P trend ¼ 0.002), and 32.0 (P trend ¼ 0.001) and 43.7% (P trend ¼ 0.002), respectively, during [2007][2008]. In women, the age-adjusted mean body mass index, mean waist circumference, and prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity were 28.2 kg m À2 , 92.2 cm, and 33.2 and 55.8%, respectively, during 1999-2000 and 28.6 kg m À2 (P trend ¼ 0.181), 94.9 cm (P trend ¼ 0.006), and 35.2 (P trend ¼ 0.180) and 61.8% (P trend ¼ 0.036), respectively, during 2007-2008. Significant linear trends for increasing prevalence of obesity were noted among men with the least and most education. Conclusion: Between 1999 and 2008, both obesity and abdominal obesity increased in men, and abdominal obesity increased in women.

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“…[22][23][24][25] Because disparities exist in access to parks, recreation, and fresh food access, 26,27 some communities have included social justice themes in promoting opportunities for nutritional and activity change.…”

Section: Alternative Frames For Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Obesity: The New Tobacco

Klein

Dietz

2010

Health Affairs

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Overcoming the childhood obesity epidemic will require changes on the scale of a social movement similar to the shift in attitudes and regulations toward smoking and tobacco. Tobacco control became a successful public health movement because of shifts in social norms and because cigarette companies came to be perceived by many as a common enemy. In contrast, obesity advocates have not identified a common threat or mobilized grass-roots change, nor have they identified strategies that resonate across diverse settings and constituencies. Framing obesity as a common threat can lead to consensus regarding the interventions needed to achieve healthier children and communities.

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The Garden of Eden: Acknowledging the Impact of Race and Class in Efforts to Decrease Obesity Rates

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Neighborhood deprivation and availability of culturally specific African-American and Latino fruits and vegetables in five small central Illinois cities

Neighborhood deprivation and availability of culturally specific African-American and Latino fruits and vegetables in five small central Illinois cities

Trends in obesity and abdominal obesity among adults in the United States from 1999–2008

Childhood Obesity: The New Tobacco

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