The Gastroprotective Effect of Vitex pubescens Leaf Extract against Ethanol-Provoked Gastric Mucosal Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract

Vitex pubescens is a Malaysian therapeutic plant employed in traditional drug to remedy a variety of disorders. The purpose of this research is to assess the gastroprotective efficiency of V. pubescens leaves against ethanol-induced gastric hemorrhagic laceration in rats. Animals were randomly allocated into seven groups and pre-treated, separately, with 10% Tween 20 (normal and ulcer control groups), 20 mg/kg omeprazole (reference group), and 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of V. pubescens extract (experimental groups). All animals were sacrificed after another hour. Histological evaluation of the ulcer control group revealed significant injury to the gastric mucosa with edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. PAS staining, showed remarkably intense magenta color, remarkable increase of HSP70 and decrease of Bax proteins in rats pre-treated with plant extracts compared to the ulcer control group. Gastric homogenates revealed a remarkable increase in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GSH) and a decrease in the lipid peroxidation level (MDA) in animals pre-treated with V. pubescens extract compared with the ulcer control group. The gastroprotective activity of this plant might be related to increased antioxidant enzymes and decrease lipid peroxidation upsurge of HSP70 and reduced expression of Bax proteins

The Gastroprotective Effect of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

“…PGE2 can primarily protect gastric mucosal by stimulating gastric mucus and bicarbonate secretion, increasing the mucosal blood flow, suppressing the aggregation of leukocyte, and attenuating cytotoxic damage by participating in various mechanisms [5,39,44]. The present study demonstrated that compared with normal rats, the gastric mucosa PGE2 levels in the ethanol group rats were significantly reduced (Figure 2a), suggesting that ethanol causes the inactivation of prostaglandin synthase, which leads to a decrease in prostaglandin biosynthesis, which is in accordance with other related researches [4,5,8,30]. However, WOPs remarkably enhanced the level of PGE 2 in comparison with ethanol group, indicating that PGE2 participated in the defense mechanism of WOPs against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.…”

“…However, the GUI of rats in the omeprazole group and whey protein group was lower than that of the ethanol group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The intervention dose of omeprazole positive control group was converted according to the recommended dosage to body weight ratio according to the drug instructions [4].…”

“…After one week of acclimatization, seventy rats were randomly divided into seven groups (10/group): normal group, ethanol group, whey protein group (220 mg/kg body weight, as a protein reference), omeprazole group (20 mg/kg body weight, as a reference of the anti-ulcer drug) [4,5,24], and three WOPs intervention groups at different doses (220, 440, 880 mg/kg body weight, namely WOPs-LG, WOPs-MG, WOPs-HG respectively). Rats in whey protein, omeprazole, and WOPs groups were orally gavage with distilled water as a vehicle, while normal group and ethanol group were given vehicle alone once a day for 30 consecutive days.…”

Virgin Kraft Pulp and Paper Characteristics of Vitex Pubescens Vahl. (Halban) Wood

“…In the Malaysian peninsula, Vitex pubescens Vahl. (Verbenaceae) is known as Halban [6]. Vitex or Vitex Pinnata was others scientific name for Halban trees.…”

“…This tree has many advantages especially in medicine area [10][11][12]. A bark decoction is used to relieve stomach distress and a poultice of the leaves is used in fevers and injuries [13].…”