The GEM photomultiplier operated with noble gas mixtures

Buzulutskov, A.; Breskin, A.; Chechik, R.; Garty, Guy; Sauli, F.; Shekhtman, L.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)01011-6

Cited by 135 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Indeed, it is known that the multi-GEM structures provide high gains (≥ 10 4 ) in all pure noble gases at room temperatures [18][19][20][21]. First evidences that the multi-GEM structures can successfully operate at low temperatures in gaseous and two-phase modes have been recently presented in our work [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cryogenic avalanche detectors based on gas electron multipliers

Bondar

Snopkov

Tikhonov

2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We study the performances of gaseous and two-phase (liquid-gas) cryogenic detectors of ionizing radiation based on gas electron multipliers (GEMs) and operated in an avalanche mode in pure noble gases. The gas amplification in He, Ar and Kr is systematically studied at low temperatures, using triple-GEM multipliers. High gains, exceeding 10 4 , were obtained in these gases in the range of 120-300 K. Stable electron avalanching was demonstrated in a saturated Kr vapor in the two-phase mode. These results are relevant for understanding basic mechanisms of electron avalanching at low temperatures and for applications in cryogenic particle detectors, in particular in dark matter and solar neutrino detectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cryogenic avalanche detectors based on gas electron multipliers

Bondar

Snopkov

Tikhonov

2004

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…2) was recorded by irradiating a photocathode area of $150 mm 2 with UV photons. The data acquired was fitted to an exponential curve [13] and an average avalanche gain of $5 Â 10 5 was estimated for the photodetector.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-UV-photon 2-D imaging with multi-GEM detectors

Maia

Mörmann

Breskin

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The main goal being the construction of large-area, low-cost position-sensitive micropattern gaseous photomultipliers (GPMs) based on gas electron multipliers (GEM) cascades, we have studied the single-photon imaging capabilities of a 4-GEM GPM with a reflective CsI-photocathode deposited on the top surface of the 1st GEM. The charge readout was performed with a simple/economic Wedge and Strip (W&S) readout electrode, using pulses induced through a resistive electrode. We have demonstrated the feasibility of single-photon imaging GPM with sub-millimeter resolution; single-photon spatial resolutions as small as $150 mm (FWHM), i.e. $65 mm (RMS), were measured in Ar/5%CH 4 gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. r

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“…Using several cascaded GEMs [2] permits to share the avalanche amplification between the stages, thus minimizing the probability of discharge [3,4].…”

Section: ____________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equal value resistors (5 MΩ) were used in the chain for powering the detector, so that all gaps and GEM foils were fed with the same potential difference. As filling gas, we used a 70-30 mixture of argon and CO 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%