The Gender Gap Is a Race Gap: Women Voters in US Presidential Elections

Junn, Jane; Masuoka, Natalie

doi:10.1017/s1537592719003876

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Race is extremely important in shaping partisan identities and intersect with gender to shape political identities and issue positions (Junn & Masuoka, 2020). We investigated gender and race interactions by running models for Black women, Black men, White women, and White men.…”

Section: Moderating and Mediating Effects Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

You’ve Lost That Loving Feeling: How Gender Shapes Affective Polarization

Ondercin

Lizotte

2020

American Politics Research

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We examine variation in levels of affective polarization for men and women. Using the 1980 to 2016 American National Election Studies, we find that women are more affectively polarized than men. The effect of sex partially works indirectly through political identities and issue positions. Moreover, sex acts as a moderator, with political identities and issues positions have different effects on men’s and women’s level of affective polarization. Three factors create women’s higher levels of affective polarization: women are more likely to be partisans, strength in abortion attitudes, and partisanship has a more substantial influence on women’s attitudes compared to men’s attitudes. Breaking the analysis apart into three time periods: (1) gender gap emergence 1980 to 1988, (2) elite polarization 1990 to 1998, and (3) hyper-partisanship 2000 to 2016 reinforces that partisan strength is central to understanding affective polarization. Additionally, during the 1990s when elite polarization is intensifying the strength of issue attitudes and ideology.

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Section: Moderating and Mediating Effects Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

You’ve Lost That Loving Feeling: How Gender Shapes Affective Polarization

Ondercin

Lizotte

2020

American Politics Research

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“…Compared to other groups, women's levels of group consciousness tend to be lower (Clayton and Crosby, 1992), which in part explains why they lack the political cohesion that other historically marginalized groups display (Cassese and Barnes, 2018). In U.S. politics, accounting for racial identity demonstrates that the supposed "gender gap" in women preferring Democratic to Republican candidates disappears, with white women selecting Republican presidents in an overwhelming majority of previous elections (Junn and Masuoka, 2020). White women are more likely to vote and prefer policies connected to their race and partisanship over their gender (Cassese and Barnes, 2018), and Black women also politically engage in ways more consistent with linked fate toward their racial rather than gender group (Stout and Tate, 2013).…”

Section: The Impact Of Sexism On Policy Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hostile, Benevolent, Implicit: How Different Shades of Sexism Impact Gendered Policy Attitudes

2022

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Advances in gender equality and progressive policies are often stymied by cultural sexist systems and individual-level sexist attitudes. These attitudes are pervasive but vary in type—from benevolent to hostile and implicit to explicit. Understanding the types of sexism and their foundations are important for identifying connections to specific social and political attitudes and behaviors. The current study examines the impact of various manifestations of sexism on attitudes regarding policies and public opinion issues that involve gender equality or have gendered implications. More specifically, we look at attitudes on reproductive rights, support for the #MeToo Movement, equal pay, and paid leave policies. In Study 1 we use data from a high-quality web panel (n = 1,400) to look at the relationship between hostile, benevolent, and implicit sexism, and reproductive rights attitudes, as well as support for the #MeToo Movement. In Study 2 we use data from the American National Election Study (n = 4,270) to examine the relationship between hostile and modern sexism and attitudes on abortion, equal pay, and paid family leave. Overall, these results reveal a complicated relationship between different conceptualizations of sexism and gendered attitudes, underscoring the need to consider how different forms of sexism shape broader social and political views, from both a normative perspective for societal change and a measurement approach for research precision.

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“…The intellectual lineage of scholars of color describing these intersections is long; however, Crenshaw coined the term and approach in a way that has been widely disseminated in academic circles and politics alike (Davis 2008;Cho, Crenshaw and McCall 2013). 3 Americanists using intersectionality have used it to explain: the race-gendering of women of color in political institutions such as Congress (Hawkesworth 2003;Smooth 2011;Brown 2012), political behavior of women of color (Junn and Masuoka 2008;Junn 2017;Junn and Masuoka 2020;Brown 2014;Ojeda and Slaughter 2019), voting rights (Montoya 2020), interrogating U.S. democracy (García Bedolla 2007), and political atti-tudes of different racial groups of women (Frasure-Yokley 2018;Gershon et al 2019). Researchers have also sought to apply intersectionality in the comparative context (Weldon 2006), and have created better datasets for intersectional analysis (Barreto et al 2018).…”

Section: Operationalizing Intersectionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for the Intersections of Race and Gender

Much

2022

Preprint

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Intersectionality is widely recognized as one of the largest contributions to the study of race and gender across the academy. However, the quantitative operationalization of intersectionality within Political Science is often unsatisfactory. I offer a method to account for the multidimensionality of identity which highlights the modifying nature of living with both different combinations of oppression, and privilege. I identify the Bayesian Multilevel Model as a superior tool to understanding intersectional dynamics in political behavior than conventional methods. By applying this method to two major published studies, I show how Bayesian Multilevel Models increase our inferential understanding of group-based heterogeneity in public opinion and political behavior. In doing so, the model better captures the interwoven nature of race and gender that often go unnoticed in Political Science research.

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The Gender Gap Is a Race Gap: Women Voters in US Presidential Elections

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

You’ve Lost That Loving Feeling: How Gender Shapes Affective Polarization

You’ve Lost That Loving Feeling: How Gender Shapes Affective Polarization

Hostile, Benevolent, Implicit: How Different Shades of Sexism Impact Gendered Policy Attitudes

Bayesian Multilevel Modeling for the Intersections of Race and Gender

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