The gender of English nouns used in American Norwegian

Language Mixing and Diachronic Change: American Norwegian Noun Phrases Then and Now

“…Counting types instead would provide a slightly, but not radically, different picture with 79% masculine, 7.6% feminine, 7.6% neuter and 5.7% alternating gender. 17 Notice that Hjelde's [71] numbers for feminine and neuter are slightly higher than in the other distributions, which may be due to the fact that Hjelde isolated one specific dialect in his study.…”

“…Instead, gender is revealed by affixes and associated words. 13 Previous studies have documented and mapped the gender distribution of nouns in both non-heritage Norwegian [69] and in AmNo [6,[70][71][72][73]. Without going into the details of these studies, they all establish that masculine is the predominant gender of Norwegian nouns, accounting for 50% or more of nouns, whereas feminine and neuter each cover a smaller percentage, which may wary across different dialects.…”

Глагольный Вид В Русском Языке Как Грамматическое (А не лексическое) Явление

“…In this paper, I will provide some illustrative examples from Heritage Russian and other Heritage Slavic languages, but the same phenomena have been attested in other Heritage languages, such as Heritage Italian, Heritage Swedish and Heritage Norwegian, to name only a few (cf. Bettoni 1991;Hjelde 1996;Klintborg 1999;Milani 1996).…”

“…A possible reason behind this loanshift is the obvious phonetic similarity between the Russian form balon and the English word balloon. 5 For examples of loanshifts in Heritage Italian and Heritage Norwegian, see Hjelde (1996) and Milani (1996), respectively.…”

Embedded word order in Heritage Scandinavian

“…In the 1980-1990s, Arnstein Hjelde (1992Hjelde ( , 1996aHjelde ( , 1996b made recordings of people with a Trøndelag and Gudbrandsdalen dialect background in the Midwest. Students of Joseph Salmons at the University of Wisconsin made recordings in the 2010s.…”